1. 2016
2. I use Azure and AWS and sometimes connect to 2012. Probably about 8 different VMs. Only GCE I see this issue.
3. Yes, of course tried Chrome RDP and it didn't work either. Blank scrreen. Stop and restart VM has fixed it every time. Shouldn't have to do that though.
Maybe it has to do with I never logout of Windows before shutting down the VM. I'm reaching for reasons there though.