Hello,
I have just tried to attach an existing disk to a VM and I have found no issue. The way that I did it was to go to the VM that I wanted and click “Edit”. Scroll down to the section called “Additional Disks” and click “Add existing disk”. A pop up tab will be on your right. Here you will see a list of all of the disks that are available for the given type of VM in a drop down menu. Select the one you want and specify any other options available in the pop tab.
These links[1][2] are simple documentation that you have probably reviewed, but I put them here just in case.
Let me know if this helps.
[1] Creating and starting a VM instance :
https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/create-start-instance?hl=en
[2] Creating and attaching a disk :
https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/add-persistent-disk?hl=en