Hi,
From the given logs, it seems like the error is from the guest agent[1]. if you could move the authorized_keys.google file out of /.ssh/ and to another temporary location for the user who is facing this error and try it again may resolve the issue .
Currently as the file is already available in the location, it is not allowing to create a temporary file to eventually update keys for the user. So maybe moving the authorized_keys.google file out of /.ssh/ and to another temporary location may help.
Please keep in mind to do this only for the user who is facing the error and not all the users.
[1]https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/guest-agent#account-management