Google Compute Engine does not allow outbound connections on ports 25, 465 and 587. As such, if Exim is trying to connect on any of these ports to send emails it will not work. With that being said, you can use third-party partners (
SendGrid and Mailgun ) to send emails from GCE instance. For more information you can go through this
link. To setup Exim with sendgrid relay this
link might be useful.
I hope that helps.