T Amp;m Fire Protection

[Autumn Pitz]

All designs and initial proposals of both hydrocarbon and jet fire soft enclosure systems offered by T&M Supplies are based upon the flame temperature, duration of protection required, mass and size of equipment to be protected and limitating temperatures on the surface of the equipment.

Each system is designed to specific project/client requirements which may include removable access panels and venting within the enclosure. Standard features would include entry points for cable and service lines. A site survey by T&M Supplies Engineers is reccomended to assess the equipment and area local to the equipment. This is followed by a drawing for client approval, prior to commencement of manufacture.

Due to the complexity and configuration of some equipment requiring protection, such as valves, flanges, actuators, etc, it may be necessary to incorporate a rolled hollow section frame which supports the enclosure and ensures integrity of the system. The frame, supplied as part of the system, can be supported from the valve/actuator interface or clamping ring attached to the outside of the connection flanges.

Are suitable for a number of different applications. Manufactured from a variety of different High temperature resistant fabrics, ranging from a relatively lightweight glass fabric to a heavyweight Weldstop, they are suitable for a use with temperatures up to 1400C and are resistant to molten metal splash and sparks.

Skyline Fire Protection, Inc. is well suited to provide design assistance for building fire protection systems during the design & development phase of a project. Design assistance fees can be waived or negotiated as part of the fire protection contract.

With decades of experience, our trained team of professionals does comprehensive fire protection work in Seymour, CT. Our services include testing and inspecting your sprinklers and alarm systems as well as recharging your extinguishers. Call us for repairs and installations of your fire system equipment too. To learn more about our company, call one of our friendly team members today! We also invite you to read some of our reviews below from businesses in your area.

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Clean fire extinguishing systems applicable to the pottery jar liquor warehouse are in demand. In this study, taking 53vol% liquor as the research subject, fire models of various clean fire extinguishing systems comprising water mist, liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) and liquid nitrogen (LN2) were established using a fire dynamic simulator to determine their fire extinguishing effect. A feasibility assessment of systems was performed under different fire source types, fire source sizes, and ventilation conditions. The fire extinguishing efficiency was analyzed in terms of the fire extinguishing time, oxygen concentration, and space temperature. The results showed that the success rate of the LCO2 and LN2 fire extinguishing systems was 100%, whereas the success rate of the water mist fire extinguishing system was 95%. In terms of reducing the oxygen concentration at the bottom of the space and the temperature in the space, the LCO2 system exhibited the best performance, followed by the LN2 system, and lastly the water mist. Under different ventilation conditions and fire source types, the LCO2 fire extinguishing system was least affected, whereas the effectiveness of the water mist fire extinguishing system reduced under natural ventilation conditions, and the extinguishing efficiency of the LN2 fire extinguishing system was affected by the fire source type. Overall, the LCO2 system presented more advantages in extinguishing fires in pottery jar liquor warehouses and can provide a new idea for the development and application of clean and efficient fire extinguishing systems.

Liquor has a low flash point and is volatile, inflammable, and explosive. As a centralized storage place, a liquor warehouse has high storage capacity, frequent operation, high fire load, and rapid spreading of fires. Therefore, the safety risk is more concentrated, and the fire risk factor is high1. Once a liquor warehouse catches fire, it is difficult to conduct firefighting and rescue operations, and heavy casualties and property losses can be easily inflicted. For example, in November 2021, an automatic yellow rice wine warehouse caught fire in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China. The net loss caused by the fire accident was approximately 16.24 million yuan. In May 2022, a fire occurred at a liquor warehouse in Renhuai, Guizhou Province, China, leading to property losses of approximately 1 million yuan. At the time, the Chinese standard GB50694-20112 was restricted by economic and technological conditions; this standard is based on moutai (a grain-based liquor) and has not been updated for many years. In recent years, the fire protection design of liquor warehouses has been slightly modified in the Chinese standard3. However, with the increase in the varieties and production scale of liquor in China, the construction and use of large liquor warehouses by major liquor enterprises, and the development and improvement of various fire extinguishing systems, higher requirements are placed on fire prevention measures for liquor warehouses.

In this study, a fire dynamic simulator (FDS) was used to perform a feasibility test on fire extinguishing systems for pottery jar liquor warehouses, so as to provide a new development direction for a green, clean, and efficient fire extinguishing technology for liquor warehouses and to improve the level of fire prevention and control.

Three common fire extinguishing systems comprising water mist, LCO2, and LN2 were selected to find an optimal fire extinguishing system suitable for liquor warehouses. To ensure the reliability of the fire extinguishing system, the fire extinguishing efficiency under the most unfavorable conditions was simulated, that is, fuel depletion was not considered in the simulation. Because the liquor warehouse uses normally closed fireproof doors, the sealing is better, and the amount of CO2 leaked from small openings such as door gaps is ignored when injecting CO2. In order to further explore the fire extinguishing effect of the above system under different fire sources and natural ventilation conditions. Based on the actual height of the shutters on site, natural vents of different sizes were created on both sides of the model. The sizes and positions of openings in ventilation conditions 1 and 3 were shown as the left window in Fig. 1b, and the right window was shown as ventilation conditions 2 and 4. The simulated ventilation conditions are shown in Table 2.

The high-pressure water mist system has a greater impact pressure, which is likely to cause the fracture of the pottery altar and increase the fire risk, hence the low-pressure water mist fire extinguishing system31 is chosen as the research object, and the nozzle pressure was set to 1.2MPa. The flow rate is calculated as 78L/min according to Eq. (2). The size of the water mist that effectively extinguishes the ethanol fire ranges from 200 to 400 m32,33, based on the comprehensive consideration of the size and location of the fire source, the particle size of the water mist was set to 400m, atomization angle was set to 120;

Under the working conditions of the model in the manuscript, the approximate calculation formula of the design flow of LCO2 can be simplified to Eq. (9), and the minimum design flow of the LCO2 system under different opening areas can be calculated according to the injection time of 1min, as shown in Table 2.

The fire extinguishing effect under different fire extinguishing system conditions was tested under four different fire sources (Table 1) and five different ventilation conditions (Table 2). Under the combination of two factors, a total of 20 different fire model conditions were simulated, as shown in Fig. 2. For example, Condition 2-III refers to the fire model under ventilation condition 2 (normally open: 1.8 m2) and fire source III (pool fire: 6 m2). A total of 80 liquor warehouse fire models without any extinguishing system, water mist, and LCO2 and LN2 fire extinguishing systems were evaluated.

Different fire extinguishing types are the main reasons for the influence of fire source on the difference in the fire extinguishing time. When the fire source type is pool fire, LCO2 has the highest extinguishing rate, followed by LN2, and lastly the water mist. Under the action of the three fire extinguishing systems, the extinguishing time of the fire source advances with the increase in the intensity of the fire source. This is mainly because when the area of the fire source increases, the oxygen consumption and heat production increase, and the lack of oxygen in the space and the early start of the fire extinguishing system will prolong the time required to extinguish the fire source. The greater the area of the pool fire, the lower the difference between the fire extinguishing time results between the fire extinguishing systems. For example, under Condition 5-III (pool fire: 6 m2), the fire extinguishing times for LCO2 were 19 s and 26 s faster than those for the LN2 and water mist systems, respectively. Under Condition 5-IV (pool fire: 12 m2), the fire extinguishing times for LCO2 were 6 s and 13.4 s faster than those for the LN2 and water mist systems, respectively. The high amount of oxygen consumed by the large-area fire source will weaken the performance of fire extinguishing systems based on the asphyxiation and inerting of the fire source. Nevertheless, under the maximum fire source area of 12 m2, the LCO2 system exhibited the earliest extinguishing time.

When the fire source type is a jar mouth fire, due to its low HRR and plume mass, the temperature of the heat detector rises gradually, and the starting time of the fire extinguishing system is greater than 260 s. Thus, the overall extinguishing time of this fire source is greater than that of the pool fire. In terms of the extinguishing time for the jar mouth fire, the LCO2 system is still the fastest, but in contrast to the pool fire, the extinguishing rate of the water mist system is higher than that of the LN2 system. For example, under Condition 5-I, the extinguishing time for LCO2 is 337 s, and the corresponding values for the water mist and LN2 are 346 s and 377 s, respectively. The LCO2 system can extinguish the fire 9 s and 40 s faster than the water mist and LN2 systems, respectively. This is mainly because the inert gas can easily spread in space, and in the face of a small area of fire (jar mouth fire), the effect of cooling the fire source and isolating the oxygen near the fire source will have a delayed effect. The pertinence of its inhibiting effect on the jar mouth fire is worse than that of water mist. However, the extinguishing time under the action of the LCO2 extinguishing system is earlier than that of the water mist.

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