Architectural Module

[Carmelina Olden]

ModularDesign is a principle of design that bifurcates a single system into multiple smaller parts known as modules. The concept of modular design has been applicable in various fields such as architecture, product design, interior design, automobile design, computer hardware, etc.

Modularity in Architecture involves using the same module in multiple configurations, thus enabling a large variety of designs. The beauty of modular architecture is that one can replace or add any module without affecting the rest of the system. This brings several advantages such as reduced capital requirements.

With the intent of housing travelling businessmen that worked in Central Tokyo, the Nagakin Capsule Tower is the first example of capsule architecture design. The design of the edifice consists of 140 capsules stacked and rotated at various angles around a central core. Each capsule, measuring 4 X 2.5 m, permits enough room for one person to live comfortably and can be plugged into the central core and replaced or exchanged when necessary.

The project, Revival, is a school building designed in response to the devastation caused by the Ukraine War. The structure is built to house over 176 students within an aluminium, modular structure that can be adapted and changed to suit the needs of its users.

The modular design of the building facilitates the future scaling of the structure through the addition of multiple blocks and rooms. The project highlights the importance of Modular Architecture in creating flexible structures.

A modular, micro-unit residential building, My Micro is a nine-storey building located in Manhattan, New York. The tower contains 55 modular units made of steel frames and concrete slabs. The firm prefabricated the units off-site in Brooklyn, in turn speeding up the construction process.

ModSKOOL is a low-cost, modular school that can be built in a few hours and dismantled quickly by the community. The concept was developed after a school for 200 children in a settlement close to the river Yamuna was declared illegal and demolished.

The structure is made using cheap materials such as bamboo and local craft techniques such as charpai weaving. The frame of the structure is clad with bamboo, reclaimed wood and dried grass - all materials commonly used to build homes in the area.

Unpredictable climate changes along the world's most vulnerable coastal communities pose complex architectural design challenges and Modular Architecture provides a solution. The Makoko Floating School, built by NLE Architects with a sponsoring from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Heinrich Boell Foundation, makes ample use of local materials and resources to produce architecture that meets the needs of the people and reflects the culture of the community.

The design emerged as a need as populations around the world are increasingly becoming city dwellers who have lost touch with how their food is produced, while food transportation has an increasingly damaging effect on the environment.

This social housing design in Slovenia serves as a perfect example of Modular Architecture. The building is made of economical but quality materials such as wooden oak floors, granite tiled bathrooms and has large windows with external metal blinds. The concept of the structure is made in such a way that floor plans are flexible, since the only structural walls in the building are used to create the shell of each apartment. All other inner walls are non-structural.

Alibaba Shanghai is a structure designed by Foster + Partners and will be manufactured off-site before being built on Xuhui Riverside. This modular strategy is used in a bid to reduce waste, ensure quality control and efficient construction.

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How septin architecture is remodeled from an hourglass to a double ring during cytokinesis in fungal and animal cells remains unknown. Here, we show that during the hourglass-to-double-ring transition in budding yeast, septins acquire a "zonal architecture" in which paired septin filaments that are organized along the mother-bud axis associate with circumferential single septin filaments, the Rho guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor (RhoGEF) Bud3, and the anillin-like protein Bud4 exclusively at the outer zones and with myosin-II filaments in the middle zone. Deletion of Bud3 or its Bud4-interacting domain, but not its RhoGEF domain, leads to a complete loss of the single filaments, whereas deletion of Bud4 or its Bud3-interacting domain destabilizes the transitional hourglass, especially at the mother side, with partial loss of both filament types. Deletion of Bud3 and Bud4 together further weakens the transitional structure and abolishes the double ring formation while causing no obvious defect in actomyosin ring constriction. This and further analyses suggest that Bud3 stabilizes the single filaments, whereas Bud4 strengthens the interaction between the paired and single filaments at the outer zones of the transitional hourglass, as well as in the double ring. This study reveals a striking zonal architecture for the transitional hourglass that pre-patterns two cytokinetic structures-a septin double ring and an actomyosin ring-and also defines the essential roles of a RhoGEF-anillin module in septin architectural remodeling during cytokinesis at the filament level.

Helping a friend out. They have a Smartlink ACP in a Unison DRd 120v, 12 dimmers, with one wall panel to control presets. The Smartlink ACP suddenly appears to have no power, Thought the station power module does have one light on it for link power.

According to Norman Foster, "as an architect you design for the present, with an awareness of the past." In this sense, present-day architecture, interiors, and furniture have undergone a radical evolution in recent years, driven by a paradigm shift in the conception of space and our interaction with it. This contemporary approach has steered us towards less constrained, more collaborative, and multi-purpose spaces, which can also provide privacy and functionality. In addition, they must serve as temporary workspaces in specific contexts, adapting to the dynamism of contemporary needs and activities.

From this new approach, architects and designers are reshaping interior environments to accommodate new behaviors, facilitating the discovery of renewed ergonomics in human activities. Today, architectural thinking is merging to create spaces that enable conducting our lives in motion, a trend particularly evident in dynamic environments such as airports, encompassing intimate and social moments with people on the move. Consequently, a new kind of furniture has re-emerged, becoming commonplace in airport settings and other shared spaces: the booth.

Housing is a diverse architectural typology whose configuration is determined not only by those who design it but also by the use of those who live in it. Therefore, homes are fundamentally adaptable structures that evolve in line with their time and users, undergoing constant changes manifested in the ways of living. The house conceived today will not be the same as the one built tomorrow, so it becomes necessary to maintain a critical and profound approach to the role it plays in the built environment.

In this sense, modular architecture has consistently presented itself as a dynamic design strategy that has revolutionized housing, developing versatile solutions for sustainable spaces and construction practices. Thus, modular housing has been fertile ground for exploring and deepening ways of inhabiting space and addressing human needs. From the prefabricated catalog houses of the 19th century to the post-World War II housing boom, its evolution reflects both past proposals and the exploration of new concepts for the future.

The opening scenes of the award-winning Brazilian film "City of God" (2002) portray a newly constructed housing complex situated on the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro. Subsequently, this complex evolves into a hub of poverty and violence. Despite the film being set in the 1960s, the housing development depicted was a recent construction.

This choice made no difference because, despite the 40-year difference between the depicted era in the film and the time of filming, the architectural solutions employed by housing programs in the country remained stagnant. They continued to replicate outdated models, showcasing a lack of progress in the sector.

How can industrialization and environmental responsibility go hand in hand? What siting, technological, or constructive strategies can be developed without harming the surrounding landscape? The application of modular design in architecture has been in practice for years, with a history involving the pursuit of standardization and modular coordination among materials, products, and more. Over time, it has been complemented by various environmental, sustainable, ecological, and economic factors to achieve the adaptability and functionality desired by its inhabitants.

At the dawn of Modernism, in the fervent search for innovative, efficient, and cost-effective building systems, the idea of modular construction offered the promise of exactly that: an industrialized system comprised of ready-to-assemble elements, easily configured, cost-effective, and quality-controlled. While the idea did not gain as much traction as was initially expected, it has remained an attractive premise for architects and designers. Now, new developments in the field have led to a renewed interest in the matter, as modular housing emerges as an effective measure in various fields, from affordable housing to emergency shelters, or even as platforms for interdisciplinary collaboration, participation, and co-design. The following article explores this promise of accessibility, creativity, and affordability that has become an integral part of the debate around modular architecture.

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