Yep, this looks like a Blender export bug to me. In the
Cycles source code it is clear that `base_color` is a `color` (RGB) and not a `float4` (RGBA). It also seems bogus that the alpha that Blender is writing out is just a copy of the B.
In the same Cycles source code, you can see that
`BSDF` is capitalised, which is why Gaffer also gets upset about the lower case `bsdf` in the `simple_shader.usda` (but not by the upper case `BSDF` in the `simple_shader_with_texture.usda`. With the above fix and with the `BSDF` fixed, I am able to render your cube.
Is there some way we can get these bugs reported to the Blender team? There's a danger with USD that everyone ends up writing their own unique flavours, and ideally we'd have as few workarounds as possible for this sort of thing...
Cheers...
John