X-FORCE
twinklestar
I propose the existence of an X-FORCE. I am calling it X-FORCE as it is
experimental and not yet proven.
In this paper, I present my theory of X-FORCE and X-FIELDS and also the
scientific derivation.
I shall also present the scientific background and information that
proves the existence of this force in nature.
In addition, I will theorize the application of this force in terms of
technological innovations that should follow.
THEORY:
An induced electromagnetic field created by a coil carrying electrical
current when brought under the influence of a magnetic field creates
for an infinitesimally fraction of a second a third weak field under a
different plane at 45° to both the electrical field and the magnetic
field of the magnet.
When a subject matter is introduced in the path where; in a uniform
magnetic field, the magnetic plane intercepts the plane created by the
X-FORCE field, this subject matter will be converted to Neutrinos.
Under conventional conditions, the X-FORCE field is created for an
infinitesimally small fraction of a second. Therefore the amount of
subject matter converted to neutrinos is also infinitesimally
insignificant to be detected.
The resulting neutrinos also travel at a speed faster than light and
thus into another time span. That is the future time span in relative
to the present time span.
Therefore even if neutrino detectors are employed, these cannot be
detected directly and only the insignificant loss of matter is the only
indirect indication of the occurrence of this effect in the present
time span.
X-FORCE Force is a weak nuclear force which on its own cannot affect
the nucleus of an atom or sub atomic particles such as electrons.
However, when combined with a strong magnetic or gravitational
induction, it manages to break the atomic or sub atomic particles into
still smaller particles such as Neutrinos.
The energy released is used to propel the neutrinos at speed faster
than that of light. As a result, the release of energy is not observed
as in any nuclear explosion or implosion.
The PROOF
Every electric motor generates this field. We all know the input
provided is never equal to the output. The loss is attributed to many
causes and an infinitesimally small amount of input is lost due to
X-FORCE force.
The phenomenon is common in nature and observable in the birth and
evolution of stars, galaxies, black holes, sun spots, earth spots
(Bermuda Triangle, etc.)
To create this force and its field in a lab would require specialized
equipment such as high energy lasers, super conductors and massive
magnets that we have not yet manufactured.
DERIVATION OF S-FORCE
Background Theory: Unified Field Theory
"All our compartmentalized concepts of time, space and matter energy
are not separate entities but are transmutable under the same
conditions of electromagnetic disturbance."
Definition: An electric Field created in a coil induces a magnetic
field at right angles to the first, each of these fields represent one
plane of space. But since there are 3 planes of space, there
exists/must be a third field. By hooking up electromagnetic generators
so as to produce a magnetic pulse, it might be possible to produce this
third field through the principle of resonance.
S-FORCE THEORY: Physical derivation
Diagram A/B: Constants and force lines (please refer to images)
Eo/E - is the borderline electric field created by the coil.
Ino/In - is the linear borderline induced field created by the coil.
Bo/B - is the directed magnetic field of the horse shoe magnet. A
Horseshoe magnet is
used as the magnetic force induced by the magnet
decreases towards the
center of the magnet.
Gfo/Gf - is the X-FORCE force created at 45° to all the three forces
Bo, Ino and Eo
When the circuit in Diagram A/B is completed, there is a movement of
charged particles in the coil. The direction of their motion is
perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field at a point.
This charged particle at that instance experiences a force which is
given by F=qvBsin0 according to established theories on motion of a
charged particle in a uniform magnetic field.
The vertical sides of the loop are at right angles to B that is
magnetic induction of the magnetic field around the magnet.
These sides will experience forces F1 and F3 respectively.
Each of these forces has a magnitude ilB but whereas F1 is directed
normally out of the page, F3 is Diagram C directed normally into the
page.
This can be checked by using Fleming's left hand rule. The horizontal
sides do not experience any force as they lie along the direction of B.
Thus the loop of wire is acted on by the 2 equal unlike parallel forces
F1 and F3 which are separated by distance b. These forces constitute a
torque 'T' of magnitude 'e'.
T = (ilB)b = iAB
Where A=lb is the arc of the loop.
Instead of a loop, if we have a coil of 'N' turn, then this torque will
act on every turn of the coil.
Therefore the Net torque acting on the coil will be T = NiAB.
If the coil is free it will start rotating but if it is fixed at an end
of the magnet, the torque will act in the direction perpendicular to
Both B and the electric field or along OP in the diagram B.
Now the induction created in the coil due to the flow of current in the
coil due to the flow of the current, i.e. electromagnetic induction
will cut the plane of the Torque 'T'.
The magnetic induction at this point is nil but starts increasing. So
the total force acting along on an element within this plane will be
the product of the Induction Bo, the Torque T and the electromagnetic
Induction Ino.
Its magnitude will be
X-FORCE = NiAB x B x do
Where 'do' is the magnetic flux in the circuit along OP.
By Lenz's law e = do/dt where 'e' is the induced emf and dt the time
interval.
do=e.dt
Thus the resulting X-FORCE equation is as follows:
X-FORCE = NiAB x B x e.dt
where
'N' is the number of turns in the coil,
'i' the current in amperes,
'A' the area of the loop,
'B' the magnetic induction of the Magnetic Field,
'e' the induced emf in the circuit along the wire and
'dt' the time interval.
By suitably changing the values of the variables in the above equation,
the power and effect of the X-FORCE can be manipulated.
SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION OF S-FORCE
The scientific and technological application of the S-FORCE would be
revolutionary.
Scientifically it will help us to understand more about the mysterious
dark matter, the origin and evolution of visible matter, processes
within large bodies such as stars, planets, etc.
Technologically, this force would bring about complete revolution in
transportation, medical and all aspects of human life. Space Travel
involving inter-stellar/inter-galactic distances will become an
everyday reality as neutrinos can pass through unhindered at speeds
close or greater than light. Time Travel could also become a reality
and open new doors for research.
REFERENCES
"The name Albert Einstein is synonymous with general human
brilliance. This is so even though his lasting discoveries were all
centered in physics & the explanation of the photoelectric effect, the
theories of special and general relativity, and the energy-mass
equation, to name the most memorable. However, promoted at least in
part by dissatisfaction with quantum theory as well as his well-known
statement that "God does not play dice with the universe", Einstein
spent a great many fruitless years seeking a unified field theory that
would tie together all the fundamental forces and particles into a
single theoretical framework. Einstein was unsuccessful and this
unification still remains as a challenge to modern thinkers."
Source
http://www.haverford.edu/administrative/president/Integratedlearning.htm
What is Unified Field Theory?
Well, in layman terms - and that is all I can also do - , you know that
there are four forces in the universe:
1 - gravity forces
2 - electromagnetic forces
3 - forces that maintain the proton together in the nucleus of atoms
(strong force)
4 - forces related to the breakdown of atomic nucleus - radioactivity
- (weak force)
Can you imagine another type of force, different from these?? Many
scientists are trying to unify all these fields in only one theory, and
probably they will do it in the future. The mathematics involved is
very complicated. Einstein took a precious role in this field and -
through his theory - he could develop some concepts like the warping of
space-time to explain the gravity force. For sure you know the idea of
a heavy ball on the surface of a body made up of rubber.
The strong force holds the nucleus together, although the nucleus
consists of protons with strong repulsive electrical charge. James
Clerk Maxwell formulated the first field theory in his theory of
ELECTROMAGNETISM. Later, Einstein developed the general relativity, a
field theory of GRAVITY. Later on, Einstein focused his attention on a
unified field theory, but it was an impossible task for him.
Since then, the gravity remains beyond any attempts of unification.
Nowadays, new theories have been developed, that invokes quarks,
leptons, etc, and field symmetry. We have to wait a little more...
Source: http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/phy00/phy00353.htm
Albert Einstein's biggest disappointment was his inability to prove a
unified field theory. Since his attempts, others have endeavored to
succeed. Has there been any a resent attempt or developments in
solving the unified field riddle? If so, by whom, and what are the
latest results?
Yes, there have been a lot of recent attempts. In fact rather a flurry
of books has been published on the subject recently (there is one by
Leon Lederman, and I think one by Murray Gel-Mann). The main problem
is that we have some vague theoretical ideas about how the unification
works, but there are almost NO experimental tests that can be done
right now in the region where these theories really need to be tested
to distinguish which one is right. Part of the purpose of the SSC
(killed by Congress) was to start probing this interesting experimental
regime, to perhaps start winnowing out the many proposed theories.
However, a machine with a power some billion times that of the SSC
would be needed to really probe the region where things get interesting
for unification (the so-called Planck scale) and that is not likely to
be available anytime in the next millennium.
So, yes there are plenty of theories, but unfortunately, unlike the
situation with Einstein, experiments will be very necessary to decide
which theory is right, and those experiments do not seem to be even on
the horizon right now.
The other recent book was by Weinberg, not Gel-Mann. There is an
interesting review of it in last October's New York Times book
supplement (forget what it is called) by Roger Penrose.
Arthur Smith
Source: http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/phy99/phy99173.htm
Arthur Smith
Information Sheet: Philadelphia Experiment
During the experiment, according to Allende, a ship was rendered
invisible and teleported to and from Norfolk in a few minutes, with
some terrible after-effects for crew members. Supposedly, this
incredible feat was accomplished by applying Einstein's "unified field"
theory
Source: http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq21-2.htm
According to US Government: On Einstein's Work
"The Office of Naval Research (ONR) has stated that the use of force
fields to make a ship and her crew invisible does not conform to known
physical laws. ONR also claims that Dr. Albert Einstein's Unified Field
Theory was never completed. During 1943-1944, Einstein was a part-time
consultant with the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance, undertaking theoretical
research on explosives and explosions. There is no indication that
Einstein was involved in research relevant to invisibility or to
teleportation"
Source: http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq21-2.htm
Other References to Einstein's last efforts
"With the rise of fascism in Germany, Einstein moved to the United
States in 1933 accepting a research fellowship at the Institute for
Advanced Studies in Princeton, New Jersey, and becoming an American
citizen in 1940. There he worked on a proposed unified field theory, a
single mathematical system that places electromagnetism and gravitation
in one universal law. This challenge occupied him for the remainder of
his life"
Source: http://www.publicdebt.treas.gov/sav/sbieinst.htm
There are some questions in physics that we cannot answer due to the
lack of a complete theory of gravitation. Some of these are, "How does
the force of gravity work on objects a billion billion times smaller
than the hydrogen atom?" or "What was the universe like, at the instant
after the BIG BANG?" or "What is the complete physics of Black Holes?"
For such questions it is critical to know how the force of gravity can
be consistent with the principles of quantum mechanics. In these
arenas, the laws of gravity and all the other forces must be very
different from those seen in every day experience. Einstein suspected
this and it led him to the belief that there must exist a "unified
field theory" to describe our world. He spent the last forty years of
his life unsuccessfully searching for this construction. More recently
there appeared new ideas called "superstring theory" that have
apparently succeeded. This talk is an accessible introduction for a
general audience to the idea of superstrings.
Source:
http://ois.nist.gov/techcal/search/display.cfm?uniqueID=113207Rober0.39710357
New Developments
One of the great intellectual achievements of the twentieth century has
been the realization that these four wildly different
"fundamental'' forces may, in fact, be viewed as
manifestations of a single unified force. Although this paradigm was
originally the dream of Einstein, not until the 1970s was any serious
progress made toward developing the
theoretical framework for unification. The initial major breakthrough
occurred around 1970 when a theory was proposed that unified the weak
force with the electromagnetic force in a mathematically consistent
fashion. This unification came almost a century after Maxwell had shown
that electric and magnetic phenomena could themselves be unified in a
single force carried by the electromagnetic field.
Source: http://lib-www.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/getfile?00285651.pdf
The Grand Unified Theory was Einstein's goal, or least one of them.
As Physics Professor Gary Moring says, "This is the Holy Grail that
physicists are searching for. Einstein tried to do this but never
succeeded. It's been partially completed, but the final unification
of the microcosm with the macrocosm - quantum mechanics and general
relativity - is still on the drawing board.
Source : http://www200.state.il.us/gov/pdfdocs/ThePlanner_0702.pdf
Lenz's Law
Sometimes exactly the same words with an entirely different mental
picture help me get something I've been having trouble with: think of
wind going through a hula hoop. Wind velocity is going to play the
role of the magnetic induction B, and the hula hoop is going to
represent a wire loop. Wind velocity is a vector field: it varies both
in magnitude (breezy here, calm over there) and in direction (it can
come from the north or from the south, and it can swirl around). A
magnetic field can't be more complicated than the wind because they're
both just vector fields.
The magnetic flux through a wire loop is exactly analogous to the
amount of air going through the hula hoop. It's the dot product of the
field strength and the cross-sectional area of the loop. Turn the hula
hoop edge-on to the wind and the flux drops to zero because no air is
getting through it. Keep turning and the flux goes negative because
now the wind is blowing the other way through the hoop.
Now Faraday's law says the force on charges in the wire loop depends on
the *change* in flux through the loop. The charges don't care how
strong the wind is; they only care how rapidly the amount of air going
through the hoop changes. If you rotate the hoop very quickly in a
light breeze, they'll get excited. If it's really windy, a very slow
rotation will do the same thing. If it's gusty, you can leave the hoop
stationary and the change in wind speed will do the trick. These days,
most hula hoops have beads in them. Let's pretend that if the beads
move inside the hoop they will generate wind through the hoop.
Let's say if they go clockwise, they generate a wind going in the
direction a screw would go if the beads were turning it. Let's say if
you increase the amount of air going in that same direction through the
hoop, the beads will feel forced to move (so far we have Faraday's law)
counter-clockwise (now we've added Lenz's law).
Tim Mooney
Source: http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/phy99/phy99x61.htm
Other References
http://www.beotel.yu/~mmalovic/boblock/
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0963746707/tgsthegoodstew/103-5321762-2923841
http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/gr-qc/9801029