Livestock guardian (LGD) and herding shepherd (HSD) dogs have distinct morphological and behavioural characteristics, long selected by farmers and breeders, to accomplish different tasks. This study aimed to find the genomic regions that best differentiate and characterise Italian LGD and HSD. Genomic data of 158 dogs of four LGD and five HSD breeds, obtained with the 170K canine SNPchip, were collected. The two groups were compared using FST and XP-EHH analyses, identifying regions containing 29 genes. Moreover, 16 islands of runs of homozygosity were found in LGD, and 15 in HSD; 4 of them were partially shared. Among the genes found that better differentiated HSD and LGD, several were associated with dog domestication and behavioural aspects; particularly, MSRB3 and LLPH were linked to herding behaviour in previous studies. Others, DYSK, MAP2K5, and RYR, were related to body size and muscle development. Prick ears prevailed in sampled HSD, and drop ears in LGD; this explains the identification of WIF1 and MSRB3 genes. Unexpectedly, a number of genes were also associated with eye development and functionality. These results shed further light on the differences that human selection introduced in dogs aimed at different duties, even in a limited geographic area such as Italy.
Guardianship is an institution designed to protect people deemed legally incapable of managing their own affairs. It entails the granting of a set of powers and duties to a guardian to provide for the needs of the legally incapacitated. Judicial guardianship is a regime established following a judgment or ruling of incapacitation pronounced by a court. Once the guardianship regime is established, the Giudice Tutelare appoints a guardian who represents the incapacitated person for all acts in civil life and administers his/her own assets.
Administratorship/trusteeeship is a form of assistance provided for by law in favour of partially incapable persons (incapacitated and emancipated minors). This regime is established ex officio following a judgment or ruling of incapacitation issued by a court. Unlike the guardian, the administrator/trustee has no legal representation for the person subject to this regime.
The so-called amministrazione di sostegno is a form of judicial protection provided for by law and designed to protect the interests of a person wholly or partially deprived of autonomy, with the least possible limitation of his/her capacity to act. A legal action for establishing the regime of amministrazione di sostegno may be lodged by the beneficiary, by his/her spouse, relatives within the fourth degree, in-laws within the second degree, cohabiting partner, guardian or administrator/trustee, by the Public Prosecutor or the people in charge of the social and health services involved in the care and assistance of the person in need. The legal action shall be filed with the Registry Office of the Giudice tutelare of the Court having territorial jurisdiction in relation to the residence or domicile of the beneficiary of the amministrazione di sostegno.
Some divide the breed into various subtypes, largely based on small differences in physical attributes and with subtype names based on village and provincial names where the dogs may be found, e.g. the Maremmano, the Marsicano, the Aquilano, the Pescocostanzo, the Maiella, and the Peligno.[17] However, biologists dispute this division, as well as over-reliance on minor physical differences, as the dogs were bred over the centuries for their behavioral characteristics as flock guardians.[citation needed]
Claudio Ridolfi (Verona, c. 1570 - Corinaldo, 1644) Workshop/circle
The Guardian Angel in Glory
Oil on canvas
124 x 84 cm. - With frame 148 x 110 cm.
It carries with it a great charm this precious canvas, which has as its subject the Archangel Raphael in glory, one of the angels who stand before God singing his praises, here portrayed as a youth of eternal beauty soaring through the air thanks to his large outstretched wings.
The angel is immortalised while symbolically pointing upwards with his hand and carries within himself the meaning of protector and is here portrayed as the emblem of the Guardian Angel. Two angels fly over him, posting the scroll with the inscription 'SIGNATVS NOBIS AD.CVSTODIAM', which refers precisely to prayers to God to assign us a guardian to watch over us.
This is one of the most popular compositions by Claudio Ridolfi (Verona, c. 1570 - Corinaldo, 1644), of which several versions are known, such as those made around 1627 for the altars of the Churches of St. Luke the Evangelist (Imm.1) and St. John in the Forum (Imm.2), both in Verona.
The figure of the angel is striking for its luminosity, beauty and perfection, together with the explicit gestures of his hands to indicate the upper part of the composition, where one can see the figure of the protégé, presumably related to the commissioner, kneeling in the presence of Jesus, the Virgin and St. Peter, protector of the city.
The work is eminently named by the painter and scholar Saverio Dalla Rosa who, in admiring Ridolfi's work, described it in the following words:
"We can see the beautiful winged young man composed in his stance and gracefully suspended in the air, descending from the sky, stopping his flight and lightly resting his foot on the world depicted on the terrestrial globe; a celestial figure moved with grace, truly angelic in its physiognomy, elegant in its forms, and nobly adorned with garments, one could say that they are ruffled and sustained by gentle zephyr. The well-arranged folds, their pink and violet tints well united and iridescent, touched with that happy brush of hers, wonderfully express the appropriate lightness. I do not know if the contours themselves could be more noble and ornate for an angel".
Claudio Ridolfi, an aristocratic painter from a noble Veronese family, moved to Venice in his early twenties as a pupil of Paolo Veronese, then to Rome and Urbino, where we find him in 1590 in Federico Barocci's workshop.
He soon embarked on an independent career, first in Le Marche but later in Verona, which would lead him to great success in the first decades of the 17th century thanks to his delicate and refined style, combined with consistently excellent quality, producing devotional works for local churches.
His fervid artistic activity unfolded between public successes and patronage requests, thanks also to his extraordinary skill and speed of execution in portraying sacred characters imbued with realism, but never dramatic or suffering, as well as a good line-up of pupils, among whom we can remember Giovanbattista Amigazzi, Girolamo Cialdieri and Benedetto Marini.
One cardinal stands out as the leader of a faction favoring continuity: Joseph Ratzinger, John Paul's chief guardian of orthodoxy, a German who served in and deserted from the Nazi army in World War II. Ratzinger, 78, is a prolific writer with a reputation as both a social charmer and a harsh taskmaster. His first chore under John Paul was to crack down on liberation theology, the movement that organized the poor to fight for their rights in the Third World. He then moved on to silence voices that questioned the church's teachings on papal infallibility, contraception and the prohibition on ordaining women.
Paris's Jean-Marie Lustiger, 78, is the son of Polish Jewish parents who emigrated to France. The Nazis deported his mother to Auschwitz, where she died. Brought up by Catholic guardians, he converted at the age of 13 and changed his name from Aaron to Jean-Marie. He told reporters recently that he considered himself a Jew with "dual affiliation."
Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, the archbishop of Buenos Aires Cardinal Claudio Hummes, the archbishop of Sao Paulo Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the chief guardian of orthodoxy Cardinal Diogini Tettamanzi, the archbishop of Milan