Dynamic Bone V1.1.7 Download
Saija Grzegorek
There was another issue with reassigning root bones, so this fixes that issue (these came up while recording an explainer video). If you run into any more problems, please put in a Github issue or comment on the Youtube video. Once again for the full list of updates, please check release notes for v1.1.0.
Certain options were removed as it is now assumed that the model contains one armature labeled "Armature", and that the "Armature" contains one root bone. The root bone on the mesh renderer of an accessory is now preserved or transferred to its corresponding bone on the main armature.
Attachment Stretch Visualization is now available.
Attachments can now be dynamically colored in the Maya viewport to show how much they are being stretched.This stretch is directly proportional to the force the attachment will apply, so the distribution of forces can be visualizedwith a user-defined color scheme. This allows for quick identification of areas in the simulation where attachments are under large stress.The stretch range can be controlled via the maxVisualStretch attribute on the zSolver node.
Although classically considered as the substrate for action potential initiation and propagation40, low densities of VGSCs have been reported in multiple cell types that have traditionally been considered as non-excitable, including macrophages, microglia and astrocytes, where they may contribute to the regulation of effector functions such as phagocytosis, motility, cytokine release and response to injury41,42,43. Chondrocytes express a variety of ion channel types44,45 that participate in diverse physiological processes, including setting resting potential, mechanoresponsiveness, volume regulation, calcium signalling, bone development, intracellular pH regulation, cellular biosynthesis and proliferation46,47,48,49,50,51. Notably, the expression of several ion channel types is known to be altered in OA chondrocytes44,45,52, whereas cartilage-specific knockout of mechanosensory ion channels decreases age-related OA53.
The PI-RADS assessment categories are based on the findings of multiparametric MRI, which is a combination of T2-weighted (T2W), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging.
It is an accurate tool in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.
In PI-RADS v2.1 clinically significant cancer is defined on pathology as:
The criteria for a negative or positive dynamic contrast enhancement series are shown in the table.
DCE can be of additional value in confirming the suspicious conspicuity of a lesion, but are frequently non-specific as prostate cancer may reveal early and increased enhancement but also normal enhancement compared to normal prostate tissue.
Lack of enhancement does not exclude malignancy, and increased enhancement can be the result of acute or chronic inflammation.
10) Download zMerge (highly recommended) or Merge Plugins. Yes, Merge Plugins is hosted in Skyrim LE sections and yes, it does work with SE absolutely fine. At the other hand, zMerge works just fine with all mod managers, no just MO2 (big thank you Euphemia for once pointing me on this). You will need this if you'll make really heavy load order and reach the 255 plugins (.esp) limit. By merging mods, you can technically have almost endless amounts of mods installed, so you will be limited only by your PC specs and mods themselves (meaning no using broken/dangerous mods and not overloading your game with script-heavy mods). These tool (once again, zMerge is recommended over Merge Plugins) easily merges plugins into one .esp file, drastically decreasing the total amount of plugins and allowing you to install more and more mods. If using zMerge, also make sure to install this and this.
But why zMerge over Merge Plugins? Simply said, it's more powerful and will allow you to merge more easily compared to Merge Plugins tool. For A to Z simple tutorials about using zMerge or Merge Plugins, watch these tutorials here (for Zmerge) and here (for Merge Plugins).
Note: But what about .esl'fying the mods? It's allegedly a cool feature, so maybe we don't need to merge mods at all anymore? There is a bit more about that - indeed, marking plugins as .esl is a new alternative way of not reaching the 255 plugins limit, but: 1) not all the same mods you can merge can be esl'fied, so sooner or later, you'll eventually need to merge mods anyway 2) esl/ified plugins have some specific bugs 3) Some other mods, especially mods with dynamic patchers (like ASIS, Bashed Patch etc) simply don't recognize .esl plugins [AT ALL], meanining that if you'll, let's say, have 200 esl plugins, and then build a Bashed Patch (which is essential for any medium-to-heavy modded game), all the changes/additions, whatever those plugins are doing, will be not present in your game with utmost chance, making them meaningless to begin with. The sooner you'll learn how to merge mods (guide provides assistance with this), the better it will be for you - moreover, as soon as you'll get the basics, you'll see there's nothing to fear at all :3
SOME mods are fine to be used as esls, and if for some of the mods/patches you're using there's no alternative asides of the esl version of its plugin - install it. The explanation/solution to this will is mentioned in the end of the guide.
Despite it being known that subchondral bone affects the viscoelasticity of cartilage, there has been little research into the mechanical properties of osteochondral tissue as a whole system. This study aims to unearth new knowledge concerning the dynamic behaviour of human subchondral bone and how energy is transferred through the cartilage-bone interface.
The cartilage-bone interface in articulating joints is key to moderating the transmission of tensile, compressive, and shear forces from the articular cartilage to the subchondral bone [1]. The complex organisation of collagen fibres within cartilage, in part, enables it to store and dissipate energy [2], and articular cartilage is considered to be a frequency-dependent viscoelastic structure [3,4,5,6]. Studies that have analysed this interface have primarily focused on its structure and composition, characterising the calcified cartilage and underlying tidemark where collagen type I and II integrate [7,8,9,10]. More recently, biological signalling between articular cartilage and subchondral bone have been identified through vascular microchannels that traverse the subchondral bone and calcified cartilage, allowing diffusion of small molecules [11].
The aim of this study is to characterise the viscoelastic properties of human osteochondral tissues and assess the dissipation of energy by these tissues. More specifically, an approach that characterises viscoelastic behaviour of the osteochondral core and isolated tissues in a physiological frequency range has advantages in being able to assess the significance of the interactions between the two tissues. Therefore, energy dissipation has been analysed for osteochondral tissues. By using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the viscoelastic properties of the human cartilage-bone unit were directly compared to the subchondral bone and articular cartilage. Furthermore, the bone mineral density (BMD) of the subchondral bone was determined, by micro-computed tomography (μ-CT), to identify any relationships with its mechanical properties, or the viscoelastic properties of cartilage.
Flow diagram illustrating femoral head specimen preparation and coring: a Preparation of specimen using a surgical saw, b Example of cartilage-bone block prior to μ-CT analysis demonstrating where core was taken, c Coring of specimen, and d Example of cartilage-bone core prior to dynamic mechanical analysis
No significant relationships existed between BMD and the storage or loss moduli of the cartilage, or the storage and loss moduli of the bone. Furthermore, there were no significant relationships found between total energy dissipated and the thickness of the isolated cartilage, isolated bone, or the osteochondral specimens respectively.
As well as investigating isolated tissues, this research aimed to better understand the osteochondral core as a whole system. Storage stiffness for the cartilage-bone system was logarithmically frequency dependent and lower than cartilage and bone for all frequencies tested (Fig. 4). Loss stiffness for the cartilage-bone system was independent of frequency and lower than isolated specimens across the range of frequencies tested. These results are in line with previous work, which looked solely at bovine cartilage-bone cores and found loss stiffness to be frequency-independent [13, 18]. The difference in behaviour of cartilage isolated from and attached to subchondral bone is emphasised here and has demonstrated that cartilage should not be considered in isolation when determining properties representative of in vivo behaviour. The data obtained in our study supports the development and testing of whole tissue-replacement systems as opposed to cartilage replacement materials in isolation.
Prior studies of bovine cartilage both on- and off-bone found the loss modulus of on-bone cartilage to be frequency-independent, whereas cartilage off-bone has a frequency-dependent modulus [13, 18]. Lawless et al. [13] found that there was no dependency of the storage stiffness on the presence or absence of the underlying subchondral bone, and therefore proposed that on-bone cartilage may be more predisposed to failure than off-bone cartilage due to the storage/loss ratio being higher for cartilage on-bone. The findings of the present study report the same frequency-independence for cartilage on-bone loss modulus, with isolated cartilage displaying a frequency-dependent trend. Thus, findings reported in prior studies support the current results, although it should be noted that the aim of the present study was focused on the viscoelasticity of subchondral bone and the role of the cartilage-bone interface, rather than the cartilage itself. Hence, a more detailed discussion on the viscoelastic properties of cartilage both on- and off-bone is provided elsewhere [13].
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