[Times Giant Book Of 4000 Words P
Saija Grzegorek
For a curious child, there is nothing better than Ties Giant Book of 4000 Words to help the child discover, think and talk about things. This highly illustrative and colourful book provides a fun, meaningful way to introduce words to young learners and build their vocabulary.
This book displays all new illustrations with a host of humorous and interesting characters to help show the meaning of words clearly, deepening young learners' understanding of words and their significance.
For a curious child, there is nothing better than Times Giant Book of 4000 Words to help the child discover, think and talk about things. This highly illustrative and colourful book provides a fun, meaningful way to introduce words to young learners and build their vocabulary.
June 10th would be my second climb of 2014 and my second time hiking Giant Mountain. This time I would be doing Rocky Peak Ridge Along with Giant Mountain. The weather was a perfect 75 degrees and sunny unlike a few years ago with my girlfriend and brother where it was rather cloudy and sprinkled at times. Andrew and I got up about 6 oclock to get a quick breakfast at Snyders in Clifton Park before our climb. Seeing as it would just be the two of us we wasted no time getting up the Northway and to the trailhead.
We arrived at the Ridge Trail at around 830 am just across from Chapel Pond on Rte 73. Got the gear unpacked and signed in at the register. On my previous trip to Giant I had gone up via the Roaring Brook Trail which I did not find to be all that scenic although the views at the top were still nice despite the weather. Andrew and I began to ascend Giant which was almost immediately a steep and rocky climb with a very short walk in. After the first ascent we came to a nice lookout point where we began to have some great views of Chapel Pond from above, as well as the Great Range in the distance. From here we started to make our way towards Giants Washbowl which is a large mountain pond cut into the side of Giant mountain and is one of its unique landmarks. A small section of the Washbowl was closed off due to the presence of a nesting Peregrine Falcon in the area however it did not effect our climb as we stayed on the trail without issue. The trail became quite steep once again and had no real direction it seemed as we were going in a zig-zag pattern for what seemed like an hour until the trees began to thin and we were rewarded with some phenomenal views along the trail. The next half mile was some of the most scenic stretch of any climb I have had to this point in the Adirondacks with exposed rock and minimal tree cover for a good distance.
After this last impressive stretch of trail we were about to begin the final ascent of giant towards the summit. This stretch of trail was also quite steep but not more so than the rest of the trail leading up to that point and then we found the last trail junction. From this point it was only another tenth of a mile to giants summit but an additional mile and a quarter to Rocky Peak. Our goal at the beginning of the day was to tackle both mountains so we decided to head to Rocky Peak first even though Giants summit was so close. Going down the east side of Giant toward Rocky Peak proved to be quite the interesting traverse as we lost a lot of elevation in a very short distance, in other words it was steep as shit. We found ourselves grabbing onto roots and trees to keep ourselves upright as the rocks were all very wet down this half mile stretch of trail. We finally bottomed out and began to ascend up towards the summit of Rocky Peak Ridge. This last stretch of trail was very straight forward with little to no real obstacles or tricky rock pitches until we reached the summit. The summit was one of the best views Ive seen in the Adirondacks to this point. We had clear views over Lake Champlain and over to Vermont to the east and a clear view of Giant as well as the other high peaks to the south and west.
After a long day we made our way back down to the car enjoying the awesome Ridge Trail on the way down. After about a 2.5 hour descent we arrived at the trailhead around 5 pm tired and sore but accomplished. From here we made our way to Keene Valley for some chow and headed home to plan our next climb.
Recommendation to hikers: I would highly recommend Giant Mountain to all as the views along the way on the Ridge Trail up to the summit are outstanding and the hike is not overly difficult. Rocky Peak Ridge is also one of my favorites and can be done pretty easily with Giant for the aspiring 46er. An average hiker could probably do both but I would advise caution going down Giant towards Rocky Peak as it can be a little bit dicey when wet.
This causes to star to grow. Its radius can reach up to 400 times its original size. As the star expands it also cools. The change in temperature causes the star to glow redder. The star is now a red giant.
Red giants can be 20 and 100 times the size of the Sun though only contain 0.25 to 8 times the mass of the Sun. They are also very bright stars. The surface temperature of a red giant is less than 4,000 - 5,000 K.
Over time, as the outer layers of the star expand, gravity causes its core to shrink and contract. The temperature and pressure in the centre increase until nuclear fusion can start again. Now the core is fusing helium, rather than hydrogen.
The star, now powered by helium, starts to shrink, get hotter and turn blue. However, the star's supply of helium quickly runs out, so this stage only lasts for about a million years. When the helium runs out, the core shrinks again. This time the star begins to use helium further out from its core. At the same time, it may start fusing hydrogen in a shell around the helium fusion! The outer layers of the star expand, cool and turn red again. It has entered its second red giant phase.
What happens next depends on the mass of the star. Low-mass, Sun-like stars enter the planetary nebula stage. Stars which contain more than 8 times the mass of the Sun are likely to explode as a supernova.
Red giants can swallow up planets as they expand. The Sun will reach its red giant stage in about 5,000 million years time. During this phase, it will probably engulf the inner planets of our Solar System which could include the Earth. But don't worry! This won't happen for a very long time.
Red giant stars (RSGs) are bright, bloated, low-to-medium mass stars approaching the ends of their lives. Nuclear fusion is the lifeblood of stars; they undergo nuclear fusion within their stellar cores to exert a pressure counteracting the inward force of gravity.
Stars fuse progressively heavier and heavier elements throughout their lives. From the outset, stars fuse hydrogen to helium, but once stars that will form RSGs exhaust hydrogen, they're unable to counteract the force of gravity. Instead, their helium core begins to collapse at the same time as surrounding hydrogen shells re-ignite, puffing out the star with sky-rocketing temperatures and creating an extraordinarily luminous, rapidly bloating star. As the star's outer envelope cools, it reddens, forming what we dub a \"red giant\".
As the bloated, dying star expels gas as it expands, the core recedes back in on itself, until it ultimately fizzles out and becomes a white dwarf. The gas surrounding the white dwarf continues to glow, creating a planetary nebula that houses a white dwarf at its center.
A few examples of RSGs include Aldebaran, Arcturus, and Mira. Planetary nebulae, however, can be much more astonishing for the casual stargazer to observe, such as the Cat's Eye Nebula, the Little Dumbbell Nebula, and NGC 2438.
Over the course of their "normal" lives, the outward pressure of fusion inside main sequence stars balances out the inward pressure of gravity. Once the core fusion stops, however, gravity takes over and begins compressing the star.
"This raises the internal temperature of the star and ignites a shell of hydrogen burning around the inert core," Swinburne University of Technology in Australia wrote in a stellar evolution explainer.
Red giants' core temperatures, however, continue to rise as the core contracts further, eventually reaching levels where helium fuses to form carbon. (This is known as the "triple alpha process" because it involves three helium-4 isotopes or alpha particles.) If the star is at least 2.2 times more massive than our sun, helium-to-carbon ignition is a relatively gradual process. But for less hefty stars, it occurs with an explosive flash.
Eventually, the helium in the core runs out and fusion stops. The core shrinks again and a helium shell just beyond it ignites, as happened with hydrogen shortly after the star burned through its stores of that initial fuel.
This ignition causes the giant's outer layers to expand even further, but its core continues to collapse in on itself. The star eventually becomes incredibly compact, turning into a superdense object known as a white dwarf. Around the time of this transition, the star ejects its outer layers in huge clouds of gas and dust known as planetary nebulae. (The misleading name was given by early astronomers, who thought these sky sights looked like planets.) These shells are much larger and fainter than their parent stars.
The end-of-life scenario for giant stars is different. Stars roughly eight to 40 times more massive than the sun, for example, go through a "red supergiant" phase. Their cores get hot enough to burn carbon, which our sun never will, and they eventually die in powerful supernova explosions. When it's all said and done, these massive stars leave behind either a neutron star or a black hole.
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