Re: Chemistry Matters.epub
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People spend the vast majority of their time inside their homes and other indoor environments where they are exposed to a wide range of chemicals from building materials, furnishings, occupants, cooking, consumer products, and other sources. Despite research to date, very little is known about how exposures to indoor chemicals across complex chemical phases and pathways affect human health. The COVID-19 pandemic has only increased public awareness of indoor environments and shed light on the many outstanding questions about how best to manage chemicals indoors. This report identifies gaps in current research and understanding of indoor chemistry and new approaches that can be applied to measure, manage, and limit chemical exposures. Why Indoor Chemistry Matters calls for further research about the chemical transformations that can occur indoors, pathways and timing of indoor chemical exposure, and the cumulative and long-term impacts of exposure on human health. Research priorities should consider factors that contribute to measurable environmental health disparities that affect vulnerable populations, such as the age, location, and condition of buildings that can alter exposures to indoor chemicals.
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People spend the vast majority of their time inside their homes and other indoor environments where they are exposed to a wide range of chemicals from building materials, furnishings, occupants, cooking, consumer products, and other sources. Despite research to date, very little is known about how exposures to indoor chemicals across complex chemical phases and pathways affect human health. The COVID-19 pandemic has only increased public awareness of indoor environments and shed light on the many outstanding questions about how best to manage chemicals indoors. This report identifies gaps in current research and understanding of indoor chemistry and new approaches that can be applied to measure, manage, and limit chemical exposures. Why Indoor Chemistry Matters calls for further research about the chemical transformations that can occur indoors, pathways and timing of indoor chemical exposure, and the cumulative and long-term impacts of exposure on human health. Research priorities should consider factors that contribute to measurable environmental health disparities that affect, vulnerable populations, such as the age, location, and condition of buildings that can alter exposures to indoor chemicals.
One of the standout features of this textbook is its organization. The content is neatly divided into chapters, each focusing on a specific theme or concept. This structure allows students to navigate through the material easily and facilitates a logical progression of learning. Moreover, the textbook provides an adequate balance between theoretical concepts and practical applications, ensuring a holistic understanding of the subject.
The explanations in Chemistry Matters are clear and concise, making complex concepts accessible to students. The authors have taken care to use simple language without compromising the scientific accuracy, which is commendable. Additionally, the inclusion of numerous diagrams, illustrations, and examples enhances comprehension and aids visual learners in grasping the concepts effectively.
The book incorporates real-life examples and case studies, relating chemistry to everyday situations. This approach not only makes the content more relatable but also highlights the practical relevance of chemistry in our lives. Furthermore, the inclusion of thought-provoking questions and practice exercises at the end of each chapter allows students to reinforce their understanding and assess their progress.
Free download Chemistry Matters GCE O Level Textbook (3rd edition) written by Marc Chang, Dr. Alistair Chew, John Sadler, Tan Yin Toon, Dr. Wong Heng-Vee, and Woo Chang Hong in pdf from following download links.
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Context. Hot corinos are compact regions around solar-mass protostellar objects that are very rich in interstellar Complex Organic Molecules (iCOMs). How the abundance of these molecules is affected by the environmental physical conditions is still an open question. More specifically, addressing this point is key to understand our own chemical origins since the Solar System formed in a large cluster of low- to high-mass stars and was therefore subject to external heating and ultraviolet irradiation which may have shaped the chemistry of its early formation stages.
Conclusions. The [CH3OCH3]/[HCOOCH3] and [CH2DOH]/[CH3OH] abundance ratios in HOPS-108 might result from different physical conditions in the Orion molecular complex compared to other regions. The former ratio cannot be reproduced with current chemical models, highlighting the importance of improving the chemical networks with theoretical calculations. More hot corinos located in heavily clustered regions such as Orion should be targeted in order to measure these ratios and evaluate whether they are an environmental product or whether HOPS-108 is an exceptional hot corino overall.
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The article is structured as follows: in Sect. 2 we describe the observations. In Sect. 3, we present the continuum and molecular line maps, together with the line identification and the main results of the analysis. In Sect. 4, we discuss the results, and, finally, in Sect. 5 we summarise the conclusions.
The data calibration was performed using the standard ALMA calibration pipeline with the Common Astronomy Software Applications package (CASA1, McMullin et al. 2007), while self-calibration, imaging, and data analysis were performed using the IRAM-GILDAS software package2. The continuum images were produced by averaging line-free channels from the 1.875 GHz spectral windows at 232 GHz and 246 GHz in the visibility plane. The remaining effective bandwidths are 458.9 MHz and 218.8 MHz, respectively. Phase self-calibration was then performed on the continuum emission and the gain solutions were applied to the line cubes. Continuum subtraction was performed on the cubes in the visibility plane, before line imaging. The resulting synthesised clean beam and channel root-mean-square (rms) noise level for each spectral window are summarised in Table 1.
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