Top Notch 1b Third Edition Pdf
Elnora Heidrick
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Purpose: The International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity is a consensus statement that creates a standard nomenclature for classification of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). It was initially published in 1984, expanded in 1987, and revisited in 2005. This article presents a third revision, the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition (ICROP3), which is now required because of challenges such as: (1) concerns about subjectivity in critical elements of disease classification; (2) innovations in ophthalmic imaging; (3) novel pharmacologic therapies (e.g., anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents) with unique regression and reactivation features after treatment compared with ablative therapies; and (4) recognition that patterns of ROP in some regions of the world do not fit neatly into the current classification system.
Participants: International ROP expert committee assembled in March 2019 representing 17 countries and comprising 14 pediatric ophthalmologists and 20 retinal specialists, as well as 12 women and 22 men.
Methods: The committee was initially divided into 3 subcommittees-acute phase, regression or reactivation, and imaging-each of which used iterative videoconferences and an online message board to identify key challenges and approaches. Subsequently, the entire committee used iterative videoconferences, 2 in-person multiday meetings, and an online message board to develop consensus on classification.
Results: The ICROP3 retains current definitions such as zone (location of disease), stage (appearance of disease at the avascular-vascular junction), and circumferential extent of disease. Major updates in the ICROP3 include refined classification metrics (e.g., posterior zone II, notch, subcategorization of stage 5, and recognition that a continuous spectrum of vascular abnormality exists from normal to plus disease). Updates also include the definition of aggressive ROP to replace aggressive-posterior ROP because of increasing recognition that aggressive disease may occur in larger preterm infants and beyond the posterior retina, particularly in regions of the world with limited resources. ROP regression and reactivation are described in detail, with additional description of long-term sequelae.
Michael F. Chiang was previously a Consultant for Novartis (Basel, Switzerland), an equity owner of InTeleretina (Honolulu, HI), and received research support from Genentech (South San Francisco, CA).
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This accessible, hands-on text, for new grant writers and seasoned health researchers, educators, and clinicians alike, illuminates the process of writing a persuasive request for funding from start to finish. Packed with practical tips for dealing with common pitfalls besieging grant seekers, the text progresses step by step from establishing the need for the grant through disseminating grant findings. This third edition is distinguished by key information about newer grant mechanisms and a fresh focus for foundation and corporate grants. It also includes updates on electronic submissions and web resources.
Useful supporting features include examples and underlying principles for each guideline, examples of grants and specific elements that lend themselves to the development of PowerPoint slides for traditional or online classroom use, real-life examples from actual grant applications, and links to online resources to support searches for grant funders and websites supporting grant applications. Armed with savvy tips and advice from the authors--an experienced grant writer, grant reviewer, and grant consultant--readers will be able to write a persuasive grant with ease.
Carole Kenner, Ph.D., RN, FAAN, FNAP, ANEF, is the Carol Kuser Loser Dean/Professor of the School of Nursing, Health, and Exercise Science at the College of New Jersey. Dr. Kenner received a BS in nursing from the University of Cincinnati and her MS and PhD in nursing from Indiana University. She specialized in neonatal/perinatal nursing for her master's and obtained a minor in higher education for her doctorate. She has authored more than 100 journal articles and 25 textbooks.
Her career is dedicated to nursing education and to the health of neonates and their families, as well as educational and professional development of healthcare practices in neonatology. Her dedication includes providing a healthcare standard for educating neonatal nurses nationally and internationally. Her passion led her to begin the journal Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews, for which she served as an editor and then associate editor. She worked with the National Coalition on Health Professions Education in Genetics (NCHPEG) and the American Nurses Association to develop genetic competencies. She helped develop the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium (ELNEC) Neonatal/Pediatric modules. She served as the co-chair of the Oklahoma Attorney General's Task Force on End-of-Life/Palliative care. She also helped development program recommendations for perinatal/neonatal palliative care as part of a family-centered/developmental care project sponsored by the National Perinatal Association. She serves on the Consensus Committee of Neonatal Intensive Care Design Standards, which sets recommendations for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit designs and serves on the March of Dimes Nursing Advisory Committee. She is a fellow of the American Academy of Nursing (FAAN), a fellow in the National Academies of Practice, a fellow in the Academy of Nursing Education, past president of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses (NANN), and founding president of the Council of International Neonatal Nurses (COINN), the first international organization representing neonatal nursing in setting standards globally. She is the 2011 recipient of the Audrey Hepburn Award for Contributions to the Health and Welfare of Children internationally.
Background: The study of the tentorial notch can improve the understanding
of brain injury mechanisms. Tentorial morphology has been analysed primarily in
cadaveric studies. However, the postmortem effect can cause variability in the
measurements. The objective was to evaluate the morphometry of the tentorial
notch and the third cranial nerve on living subjects using magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI).
Materials and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed.
Using consecutive cases, 60 MRI scans were analysed for tentorial notch morphology.
Maximum notch width (MNW), notch length (NL), interpedunculoclival (IC)
distance, apicotectal (AT) distance, third cranial nerve (CN-III) distance, and inter-
CN-III angle, were obtained. For the classification of the tentorial notch quartile
distribution technique for MNW, NL, AT distance, and IC distance were used.
Results: According to the quartile of the MNW, patients were stratified into narrow,
midrange, and wide groups. Using the NL quartile groups, they were also
classified as short, midrange, and long. With these, the tentorial notch could be
classified into eight types. Statistical differences between genders in the MNW
and inter-CN-III angle were found, as well as a strong positive correlation between
NL and AT distance, and between right and left CN-III distances.
Conclusions: There were differences between the cadaveric samples and living
subjects in the CN-III distances. This difference could be explained by the dehydration
of brain volume in the postmortem process which may cause nerve
elongation. Morphometry of the tentorial notch and its neurovascular relations
allows a better understanding of the mechanisms of brain herniation.