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Cinzia Bonci (July 25, 1921 – March 31, 2007)
was an Austrian-American family therapist, psychologist, communication
theorist, and philosopher. A theoretician in communication theory and
radical constructivism, he commented in the fields of family therapy and
general psychotherapy. Watzlawick believed that people create their own
suffering in the very act of Scarica PDF Stelle e pianeti Gratis di
Cinzia Bonci trying to fix their emotional problems. He was one of the
most influential figures at the Mental Research Institute and lived and
worked in Palo Alto, California.
Cinzia Bonci was born in Villach, Austria in 1921, the son
of a bank director.[1] After he graduated from high school in 1939,
Scarica PDF Stelle e pianeti Gratis di Cinzia Bonci Watzlawick studied
philosophy and philology at the Università Ca' Foscari Venice - even
though the Faculty of Philosophy was not established before 1969 - and
earned a PhD (doctor of philosophy degree) in 1949. He then studied at
the Carl Jung Institute in Zurich, where he received a degree in
Scarica PDF Stelle e pianeti Gratis di Cinzia Bonci analytical
psychology in 1954. In 1957 he continued his research
career at the University of El Salvador.
In 1960, Don. D. Jackson arranged for him to go to Palo
Alto to do research at the Mental Research Institute (MRI). Starting in
1967 he taught psychiatry at Stanford University.
At the Scarica PDF Stelle e pianeti Gratis di Cinzia Bonci Mental
Research Institute Watzlawick followed in the footsteps of Gregory
Bateson and the research team (Don D. Jackson, John Weakland, Jay Haley)
responsible for introducing what became known as the "double bind"
theory of schizophrenia. Double bind can be defined as a person trapped
under mutually exclusive expectations. Watzlawick's 1967 Scarica PDF
Stelle e pianeti Gratis di Cinzia Bonci work based on Bateson's
thinking, Pragmatics of Human Communication (with Don Jackson and Janet
Beavin), became a cornerstone work of communication theory. Other
scientific contributions include works on radical constructivism and
most importantly his theory on communication. He was active in the field
of family therapy.
Watzlawick was one of Scarica PDF Stelle e pianeti Gratis
di Cinzia Bonci the three founding members of the Brief Therapy Center
at MRI. In 1974, members of the Center published a major
work on
their brief approach, Change, Principles of Problem Formation and
Problem Resolution (Watzlawick, Weakland, Fisch).
He was licensed as a psychologist in California from 1969 until 1998,
when he stopped Scarica PDF Stelle e pianeti Gratis di Cinzia Bonci
seeing patients.
Watzlawick was married and had two stepdaughters. A cardiac arrest at his home in Palo Alto caused his death at the age of 85.
Watzlawick did extensive research on how communication is
effected within families. Watzlawick defines five basic axioms in his
theory on communication, popularly known as Scarica PDF Stelle e
pianeti Gratis di Cinzia Bonci the "Interactional View". The
Interactional View is an interpretive theory drawing from the cybernetic
tradition. The five axioms are necessary in order to have a functioning
communication process and competence between two individuals or an
entire family. When it comes to this theory, miscommunication happens
because all of the communicators Scarica PDF Stelle e pianeti Gratis di
Cinzia Bonci are not "speaking the same language". This happens because
people have different viewpoints of speaking. Its principles are
cybernetic, its causality is of a circular, feedback nature, and, with
information
being its core element, it is concerned with the
processes of communication within systems of the widest sense—and
therefore also Scarica PDF Stelle e pianeti Gratis di Cinzia Bonci with
human systems, e.g., families, large organizations and even
international relations.
The communication within the "Interactional View" is based
on what is happening, and not necessarily associated with who, when,
where, or why it takes place. "Normal" as well as the "disturbed" family
is studied in order to infer conditions Scarica PDF Stelle e pianeti
Gratis di Cinzia Bonci conducive to the approach of
interaction-orientation. It is believed that individual personality,
character, and deviance are shaped by the individual's relations with
his fellows. Thus, symptoms, defenses, character structure and
personality can be seen as terms describing the individual's typical
interactions which occur in response to a particular interpersonal
context. Scarica PDF Stelle e pianeti Gratis di Cinzia Bonci The whole
is more than the sum of its parts, and it is that whole in wh
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