Fwd: [WorldCityBike] CNN: City bike-sharing picks up speed
Sameer Panchangam
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Sameer Panchangam
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From: Todd Edelman, Green Idea Factory <ede...@greenidea.eu>
Date: Tue, Apr 28, 2009 at 2:42 PM
Subject: [WorldCityBike] CNN: City bike-sharing picks up speed
To: WorldC...@yahoogroups.com
Hi all,
Detailed, relatively comprehensive article, but some errors and
omissions it seems... I make some comments/questions in *** text.
- T
***
CNN: City bike-sharing picks up speed
<http://edition.cnn.com/2009/TECH/04/15/eco.bikeshare/index.html#cnnSTCText>
(CNN) -- Despite its various setbacks, public bike-sharing is slowly but surely paving the way to a greener urban environment, one city at a time.
*** I LIKE how they call it "public transport"!
to cover short journeys within city limits.
Think reduced carbon-dioxide pollution, smoother traffic flow and a healthier commute.
After all, 94 percent of Parisian bike-sharers can't be wrong.
This is the overwhelming proportion of users who declared themselves satisfied with the world's most high-profile bike-sharing system in Paris, France, according to a survey done about nine months after its official launch on July 15, 2007.
While public-bicycle systems have been popping up progressively around western Europe over the past decade, it was Paris' Vélib' that inspired a more global trend.
"Paris showed the world that a substantial bike-sharing fleet can change how people, non-cyclists, in fact, move about a city," says Paul DeMaio, founder of MetroBike consulting and the man behind the comprehensive Bike-sharing Blog.
For instance, Vélib' offers a total of 20,600 bicycles (one per 100
individuals
*** MEMBERS?
) at 1,451 stations throughout the city (every 300 meters), making the service both adequate and ubiquitous.
To encourage a high turnover, the first half-hour of cycling is free, with users being charged in increments beginning at 1 euro for every half-hour thereafter. According to the survey, the average time for a single journey is 18 minutes.
Vélib' belongs to the currently most common group of "third-generation" systems, in which "smart" bikes are equipped with electronic locking systems verified by credit card, theoretically allowing for better tracking and reduced risk of theft.
Since its launch, Vélib' claims to have registered some 42 million
users, from one-time clients to long-term subscribers, with each bike
traveling an average of 10,000 kilometers a year.
*** AS far as I know all public bike schemes have a minimum age for
users of 18. OV Fiets in the Netherlands, however, lets parents sign a
contract for their under-18 children
"Moral hazard"
However, the double-edged sword of Vélib's success means that its inevitable flaws have been equally publicized.
Shortcomings include reckless vandalism, theft, unsafe cycling, rude
road behavior, and even the deaths of at least three Vélib' cyclists in
traffic.
*** IT would have been very good to say that deaths have not
increased as cycling increased....
Most of the damage is shouldered by JCDecaux, the advertising company responsible for keeping the system up and running in exchange for a 10-year license to exploit 1,600 citywide outdoor displays. Meanwhile, the City of Paris keeps the revenue from Vélib user fees.
This initial agreement has resulted in ongoing disputes over who should assume financial responsibility for the vandalism and theft of abused bicycles.
DeMaio calls this conflict of interests, characteristic of the
advertising model of bike-share funding, a "moral hazard."
"The advertising company does not benefit from revenues generated by the system as the jurisdiction does, so the advertising company does not have the same incentive to keep the bikes maintained as the jurisdiction would if it were operating the system," he reasons.
"In fact, the better the advertising company has the bikes
maintained,
the more expensive it would be, and the less profit they would keep
from the advertising contract."
*** IS this an argument for the advertising company to share some of
the revenues? Is there an acceptable model for people in ads-for-bikes
schemes? Also, I know that in Barcelona Clear Channel-Adshel runs the
system but the revenue comes from parking fees, because another company
has the advertising contract in the city. Once the latter contract
expires, do we know if it is Barcelona City Hall's intention to get the
revenue to run the bike scheme from ads and then divert the parking
income elsewhere?
JCDecaux, which also powers bike-sharing systems in Luxembourg, Brussels, Vienna, Sevilla, Lyon, Marseille and several other cities, is not the only advertising company to grapple financially with municipal administration.
In March 2009, the Spanish multinational Cemusa reportedly came very close to shutting down Rome's fledgling 9-month-old Roma'n'Bike after failing to secure a formal contract with the city.
Small-scale starts
Clear Channel Outdoor, the advertising giant behind the SmartBike programs in cities such as Rennes (since 1998), Oslo, Stockholm, Milan and Barcelona (with 6,000 bikes reserved for residents only) has been relatively successful, building up from a smaller scale.
As testimony to Barcelona's municipal participation to its resident "Bicing" system, the city developed an iPhone application specifically designed to help customers find the nearest available bike, launched in March 2009.
The company also makes full use of advertising space on the bicycles themselves -- in some cities, even on the mudguards and provided helmets.
Clear Channel Outdoor is also the first outdoor-advertising sponsor to break into the U.S. bike-sharing market with its SmartBike DC program, which has been operating up to 120 bicycles in Washington D.C. since 2008.
After the city spent the past seven years installing 48 kilometers of bike lanes, the company chose to charge users an annual fee of $40 for unlimited use of bikes, up to three hours per journey.
"The
advertising-company model can be improved," says DeMaio, "but I think
long-term sustainability would lend itself to the government,
quasi-governmental transport provider, university, non-profit, and
for-profit models."
*** HOW?
High-tech features
Urban transport providers in particular have been actively implementing bike-sharing programs in close cooperation with municipal governments, often featuring high-tech systems.
Furthermore, most systems are now directly linked to Web sites that update the availability of bikes, and often their location, in real-time.
Rio de Janeiro's Samba bike-sharing system, operated by the Brazilian parking company Mobilicidade, can only be activated by mobile phone, once the customer has registered online.
Furthermore, Samba's stations are located exclusively along the city's popular beach promenade of Copacabana, where the system is supported by dedicated bike lanes, as well as the closure of the entire road to motor traffic every Sunday.
Other systems which rely on mobile-phone activation are Deutsche
Bahn's Call
a Bike and Nextbike,
implemented in German cities such as Berlin, Frankfurt, Cologne,
Munich, Stuttgart and Karlsruhe.
While commuters and tourists alike are encouraged to hop on a bike
as
soon as they get off the train, Nextbike's advantage is that customers
need only call the hotline number to locate the bicycle nearest to
them, and then call again when they return it by locking and leaving it
anywhere (i.e. not necessarily at a fixed station).
*** Call-a-Bike - as implemented in the cities mentioned above, save Karlsruhe - is also a non-fixed (they call it "flex") scheme. And the ability to find a bike using a mobile is being implemented. A "fixed" version of Call-a-Bike has also been implemented at many of DB's station served by the ICE high speed trains, which do not carry bikes.
Montreal's award-winning Bixi system, run by the parking company Stationnement de Montreal and famously designed by Michel Dallaire, has been highly touted for its sleek solar-powered docks equipped with RFID (radio-frequency identification) chip readers for wireless (and thus portable) connection and operation.
Set to launch in May 2009 with 3,000 bikes at 300 mobile stations, Bixi calls itself a "fourth-generation" system, but for now it is more certainly one to watch.
The Italian bike-sharing company Bicinittà has not only installed solar-powered shelters in cities such as Parma, in April 2009 it inaugurated pedal-assist bicycles in Genoa that help cyclists pedal themselves uphill -- almost one year after its pioneer pedal-assisted program launched in Monaco in February 2008.
Obstacles
While the bike-sharing concept is no doubt promising in terms of sustainability, DeMaio believes that the biggest obstacles to its success are infrastructure, funding, and liability.
"A
jurisdiction must [already] have a network of bike infrastructure, such
as bike lanes and cycle tracks (i.e. bike lanes physically separated
from motor vehicle traffic) so that people have safe places to ride,"
he begins.
*** AND slowed streets helps
"Funding is the next obstacle, as the capital cost of
system implementation is about $3,600 per bike, which includes the
stations and back-end system, plus another roughly $3,000 per bike
annually for ongoing maintenance and distribution costs -- still
cheaper than creating a streetcar line or subway station.
*** Isn't comparing public bikes to streetcars etc. an
apples-and-oranges thing?
"Liability is the third major obstacle, especially in more litigious societies such as the U.S., as insurers are hesitant to insure programs."
But just as obstacles can be overcome in time, perhaps it will be the popularity of cycling culture itself that contributes most significantly to reducing motor-vehicle traffic and pollution in the long run.-- -------------------------------------------- Todd Edelman Green Idea Factory Urbanstr. 45 D-10967 Berlin Germany Skype: toddedelman Mobile: ++49 0162 814 4081 Home/Office: ++49 030 7554 0001 ede...@greenidea.eu www.greenidea.eu www.flickr.com/photos/edelman CAR is over. If you want it. "Fort mit der Autostadt und was Neues hingebaut!" - B. Brecht (with slight modification)
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