Small Animal Surgery Textbook
Klaudia Aricas
Mechanisms of Disease in Small Animal Surgery, 3rd Edition is a concise, practical guide that focuses on the diseases and disorders in surgical patients that are pertinent to the surgeon when making treatment and management decisions. The most qualified experts in the fields of surgery and pathophysiology explain in easy to understand and practical terms the mechanisms by which a disease affects each organ system. The highly visual format contains over 450 high quality illustrations and well conceived tables for quick reference by the student or clinician.
I would like to dedicate this book to my 94 year old mother Julia Bojrab. She is still sharp as a tack and drives herself around Ft. Wayne, IN. She ahs been an inspiration for all 3 of her children to work hard, be the best you can be and be kind to others. Everyone is a creature of God. Thank you Mom!
Disease Mechanisms is a textbook designed to explain, in understandable language, how individual organs and organ systems are affected by disease processes. It defines the principles upon which surgical procedures are based and is therefor an ideal companion volume for Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery. It not only helps the Practicing Veterinarian better understand the function of specific organs effected by disease; it also helps explain it and the selected surgical treatment to an ever more demanding client. It will be enormously helpful to the veterinary student, intern and
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Experimental and human studies have reported the advantages of a suture length to wound length (SL:WL) ratio greater than 4:1 in midline abdominal closure. This is achieved when the tissue bite (TB) is equal to or larger than the stitch interval (SI). Although TB and SI values are recommended in some textbooks, SL:WL ratios are rarely reported in veterinary textbooks. Additionally, no clinical data regarding these parameters could be found in small animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the SL:WL ratio of midline laparotomy closure in dogs and cats performed by surgeons with different levels of expertise and to compare the findings with current textbook recommendations. Midline laparotomy incisions of 100 dogs and 75 cats were closed in continuous pattern by diplomates and residents of both the European College of Veterinary Surgeons (ECVS) and the European College of Animal Reproduction (ECAR). The mean SL:WL ratio was 2.5 0.7:1. The surgeons level of experience and the species and body weights of the animals did not have any significant influence on the SL:WL ratio. A moderate negative correlation was observed between the mean SI to mean TB (SI:TB) ratio and the SL:WL ratio. In this study, the mean SI matched the textbook recommendations both in feline and canine species, whereas the TB in cats was different. In this study, the SL:WL ratio was less than 4:1 without apparent complications. Because of the low prevalence of incisional hernia in dogs and cats larger studies are necessary to evaluate clinical significance of the presented data.
The fourth edition of Small Animal Surgery serves as a one-stop resource for authoritative information on all aspects of small animal surgery. Coverage includes basic procedures such as spays, castrations, and declaws, as well as more advanced surgeries like craniotomy, ventral slots, and lung lobectomy. New contributors bring a fresh perspective and discuss the latest advances in key areas such as imaging modalities, regenerative medicine, minimally invasive surgery, and neurology. Access to a companion website provides a fully searchable version of the book, bi-monthly content updates, videos, aftercare instructions, case presentations, and a fracture planner.
With detailed coverage of surgical procedures, Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal is an authoritative, two-volume reference on the art and science of small animal surgery. Expert contributors discuss surgical principles and procedures for topics ranging from surgical biology and perioperative care, to neurosurgery orthopedic surgery, and soft tissue surgery, always supported by evidence-based research and complete surgical instructions. More procedures are covered with greater detail than in comparable books, and a greater emphasis on pathophysiology shows how it relates to diagnosis, treatment, and overall case management. Experienced Coeditors Karen Tobias and Spencer Johnston provide the definitive reference for veterinary surgery, invaluable preparation for the ACVS and ECVS board examinations.
Dr. Johnston graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1986. After completing an internship at the University of Georgia and a small animal surgical residency at Michigan State University, he joined the faculty at the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine at Virginia Tech in 1990.
Jos Rodriguez
Tutor in Surgical Pathology and Surgery in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Universidad de Zaragoza (Zaragoza, Spain). Surgeon at the Hospital Veterinario Valencia Sur (Valencia, Spain). Co-author of the collection Surgery in small animal clinical medicine: surgery images step by step.
A 2-year-old 5.3-kg sexually intact male Miniature Schnauzer was referred for further evaluation of possible intravertebral disk herniation as an underlying cause of a 1-day history of sudden onset of signs of pain in the vertebral column or abdomen. One day earlier, the owners noticed that the dog had an unusual hunched position and became aggressive when picked up or touched on its abdomen. The owners had adopted the dog 1 month earlier and had no previous history for the dog other than it had a healed pelvic fracture from having been kicked by a horse and then underwent surgical repair.
On referral examination, the dog was bright, alert, and ambulatory but maintained a kyphotic posture when standing. All vital signs were within reference limits, and no abnormalities were found on thoracic auscultation. Abdominal palpation elicited signs of pain, and there was a soft tissue mass (approx 6 cm in diameter) in the left inguinal region. Rectal examination revealed mild stenosis of the pelvic canal with a hard protuberance palpable on the left side of the canal. Both testicles were descended; however, the right testicle was substantially smaller than the left. Neurologic examination revealed no additional abnormalities, and results of the orthopedic examination were within reference limits.
Right lateral (A), left lateral (B), and ventrodorsal (C) caudal abdominal and pelvic radiographic images of a 2-year-old 5.3-kg sexually intact male Miniature Schnauzer referred for further evaluation of possible intravertebral disk herniation as an underlying cause of a 1-day history of sudden onset of signs of pain in the vertebral column or abdomen.
Abdominal radiography revealed a mixed gas and soft tissue opacity thickening in the left inguinal region; a surgically repaired and healed fracture of the left ilium with an orthopedic plate and 7 screws in place, and several nonunion fractures of the pubis and left ischium extending into the left acetabulum (Figure 2). In all images, the prepubic tendon appeared intact.
Same images as in Figure 1. There are gas opacities surrounded by a soft tissue opacity (dotted arrows) in the left inguinal area. Also evident are an orthopedic plate and screws affixed to the left ilium, multiple nonunion fractures of the pubis and left ischium that extend into the left acetabulum (solid arrows). The prepubic tendon appears intact.
Abdominal ultrasonography revealed that the left inguinal area had a rent in the body wall through which a loop of small intestine protruded into the subcutaneous tissue (Figure 3). The herniated loop of small intestine had thickened and irregular wall architecture, and blood flow within the herniated portion was confirmed with color-flow Doppler ultrasonography (not shown). The surrounding mesentery was hyperechoic, and there was a small volume of free fluid surrounding the herniated loop of small intestine. Scant peritoneal effusion in the splenic and hepatic region was also identified. Ultrasonography of the testicles (not shown) revealed typical echogenicity and echotexture bilaterally and supported our earlier finding that the right testicle was substantially smaller than the left.
Ultrasonographic image of the soft tissue mass in the left inguinal area of the dog described in Figure 1. There is a rent (approx 2 cm diameter; white solid arrows) in the body wall in the left inguinal region through which a distal segment of the small intestine (black arrow) protrudes into the surrounding subcutaneous tissue. This herniated loop of small intestine has thickened and irregular wall architecture (double-headed arrow). A small volume of free fluid (white dotted arrows) is adjacent to the herniated loop of intestine. The scale along the left of the image is in centimeters.
Given our findings, we diagnosed body wall herniation with incarceration and possible early strangulation of the small intestine, all of which could have been sequelae of trauma received when the dog was kicked by a horse.
Prepubic tendon rupture with resulting ventral abdominal body wall herniation is an uncommon occurrence in dogs, and a primary cause is blunt trauma to the caudal aspect of the abdomen, which usually involves vehicular trauma but can also involve dog-bite injuries and kicks from large animals.1 Abdominal radiography is very useful in evaluating for abnormalities, such as body wall rents and organ incarceration, in veterinary patients with trauma.1,2 Many dogs and cats with traumatic body wall hernias have additional soft tissue and orthopedic injuries.1,3 Diagnosis of traumatic body wall herniation can be complicated in animals evaluated before abdominal contents have become incarcerated.4
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