itis a little bit very basic for students with a background in programming but the problems specially close to the end was a little challenging which is great. overall it is a solid start with matlab
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I currently am a programmer, I'm almost 16 years of age and have pretty much narrowed my careers down to something involving a Computer Science degree or Electrical Engineering degree (I know they are quite different but this question is about my friend) but my friend isn't so sure.
He is very interested in maths and is very good at it and I think he would enjoy programming but he isn't willing to try it (edit he is willing to try but has never done before). Can anyone give me an suggestions for a language or tool that he could dabble in programming (at a reasonably basic level I assume) to solve maths problems or involve some kind of maths.
As I say he enjoys maths a lot but I think he would enjoy programming, the problem is I don't want him to be put off by the stuff that isn't relevant at introductory levels such as memory allocation et al. I know that is very important but the point is that I want him to learn a bit of programming with maths then hopefully if he is interested enough he can start learning programming as programming.
Edit:Its not that he's completely uninterested - more that he hasn't actively explored the area before, maybe because he isn't informed about it. I wouldn't want to force him to do something he doesn't want to, I see this as more of a little push so that he can learn about programming. If he doesn't like it - fair enough, I can't control that and don't want to but if he turns out to enjoy it - this push will have been the right thing.
If you want a "math-like" language, Haskell is your best friend (for your best friend). You can easily make new functions without hassle. It is the best language recommendation I can give you for you friend. Here are some links:
Mathematica is a computational software program used in scientific, engineering, and mathematical fields and other areas of technical computing. It was conceived by Stephen Wolfram and is developed by Wolfram Research of Champaign, Illinois.
Hope this helps! If you have any questions or feedback feel free to comment! By the way, all of these links are to free resources. If you want a printed book, I have a few recommendations, just leave a comment!
If he majors in mathematics he then he will no doubt end up doing quite a bit of programming, if not in low level languages like C++, then in higher level, mathematics specific, languages like Maple or Mathematica depending on what he is doing.
Also, depending on his area of research he may end up doing applied mathematics or statical analysis, both of which will require a significant amount of programming. He better get used to programming now regardless on what he decides.
As someone who studied math (I have a B.S. in pure mathematics and just received my M.S. in Applied Math/Statistics) and later realized the fun/practicality/importance of programming further along in my career, I really appreciate this question. I wish I had a friend like you 10 years ago to push me towards programming.
Project Euler is a series of challenging mathematical/computer programming problems that will require more than just mathematical insights to solve. Although mathematics will help you arrive at elegant and efficient methods, the use of a computer and programming skills will be required to solve most problems.
Although it is not a language specific suggestion, it would be a great motivator for getting started with programming (especially if there is already an interest in math). The problems start off very easy and approachable but quickly become very tricky and/or difficult. A good challenge and motivation that you both are likely to enjoy.
As for which language to use, I have experience with C++, R, Matlab and Mathematica which are all great and widely used within the math community. But more specifically, I strongly suggest learning Python which is very useful for math but isn't quite as restricted to math as some of the others (in case he wants more options later on in life). It is easy to get started with Python but there are tons of things to learn. It's also free unlike some of the others. C++ might be a good choice as well but could have more hurdles from the beginning.
If he is more into Matrix Analysis, Differential Equations or Dynamical Systems, I'd recommend Matlab, NumPy, or Octave. APL is via Dyalog might also be of interest; though I'd not start him on that. Numerical Recipes, while in C++ can be adapted to serve as a good guide to algorithms.
On the other hand, on my blog I look at problems like facial recognition (quite a bit of linear algebra), encryption methods, Turing machines and cellular automata, models for predicting serial killer activity, search engines, and a bunch of other mathematical concepts. The best part is that I get to implement the ideas, and any of my own!
To get your friend to love programming like the rest of us do, find him a truly interesting project. The programming aspect won't stick without his working toward a product he finds beautiful. As for languages, I recommend Mathematica, Racket (a very friendly, but still powerful Scheme derivative), Python, and Haskell. Mathematica is probably the best, because he can selectively implement his own mathematical functions, and use Mathematica's built in libraries to finish the project (e.g., write a function which computes Fourier coefficients, and then use Mathematica to do the rest of the analysis, such as filtering, image generation, etc.). Even the basic topics like integration give some fascinating projects (different quadrature rules, monte carlo integration, a gentle transition into machine learning with large data sets).
Also, it seems like a lot of the responses here are from people who don't do mathematics, or who haven't used the languages they're suggesting to do mathematical software. The reason people recommend Haskell is because it's as close to a literal implementation of category theory as possible, and fits well with some mathematical definitions of some basic concepts. But if your friend is close to your age, then he is not ready for category theory mathematically (that maturity is more or less useless until graduate school, and wicked hard to teach yourself), and as a first language Haskell has the steepest learning curve of the languages suggested (perhaps Prolog is steeper). I used Haskell to implement a Javascript compiler, and I ended up with a very beautiful elegant piece of code, but for intuitive things like variable mutation, you already have to dabble in nontrivial monads.
Python and Mathematica will be much friendlier, and Mathematica has the shallowest learning curve simply because all of the libraries is packaged into a nice user interface with awesome documentation (just hit F1!). On the other hand, there is one book I have heard of (but not read) which provides both a transition to advanced mathematics and an introduction to Haskell simultaneously. It seems to have positive Amazon reviews, so you might want to check it out. He can move up to languages like C# and Java if he ever wants to do industry stuff, but more likely he'll never need to enter that jungle (and lots of industry mathematics stuff is pure Matlab anyway).
If your friend is unwilling to give programming a try, I don't see why you want to force the issue. I think a key to being a programmer is being willing to learn, and if he is unwilling to learn then programming is probably not for him
But that being said, your best bet might be to create a small program yourself and show it off to him. Perhaps leave some parts of it unfinished and see if you can get him interested in helping you finish it. I know for me, the algorithms and logic behind a program are far more interesting then writing out the syntax, so perhaps try and have him assist you with the logic of the program, and then you go and code the thing and let him see the results of it.
If he shows any interest at all in the source code, then show him how to write his own stuff. Personally I think the language itself doesn't matter as long as it's easy to learn and has plenty of documentation.
Machine code (or assembler) for a simple processor might be interesting too. I have always been happy I started with machine code on my first C64. (MOS 6510) Hands-on experience that is hard to get as an adult with limited time to "waste".
In order for the drive to really be there, the underlying problem has gotta come from him. I would try to find a problem he wants to solve and then choose a tool/language/system that allows him to automate/program the solution.
This course introduces the fundamental concepts and processes of solving computational problems through the design, implementation, testing, and evaluation of basic computer programs. The concepts include basic computational constructs such as calculation, iteration, conditions, functions, and data types. These provide the basic building blocks found in virtually all programming languages. The processes include the step-by-step refinement of a problem description into individual components that can be implemented, tested, and integrated into an effective solution. As a general education course, the central theme to the course is computational thinking which includes a wide range of approaches to solving problems and designing systems that draw upon concepts fundamental to computer science. Computational thinking includes thinking about various types and sources of data, and the correctness, efficiency, elegance, and simplicity of various potential solutions. Computational thinking is applying principles of abstraction at multiple levels to focus on important details; it is applying problem decomposition to identify small problems that can be individually solved then combined to form a solution to the original problem. Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to conceptualize and implement computational solutions to problems; to utilize the imperative model of computation to solve problems; to reason about problems at multiple levels of abstraction; and to analyze code for its behavior, efficiency, and correctness. A student may receive credit for only one of the following courses: CMPSC 101, CMPSC 121, CMPSC 131, CMPSC 200, CMPSC 201
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