Electrical Design Requirements for Industrial Building

[ali hassan]

Industrial building definition:
A building designed to house industrial operations and provides the
necessary conditions for workers and the operation of industrial
equipment.

Types of industrial building:

Factory - Flex Space: Buildings that may have 10- to 22-foot clear
ceiling height with dock height and drive-in loading, and extra
parking. These buildings may include a variation in space utilization,
ranging from office and retail through distribution, light industrial
and occasional heavy industrial uses. They are designed to allow
conversion of industrial units to a high percentage of office space.

Factory- Manufacturing: (also called Heavy Industrial) Auto making,
textiles, steel, chemicals, and food processing are typical uses of
such properties. Typically zero to five percent office space.

Factory - Office Showroom: Single story (or mezzanine) buildings with
10 to 16 foot clear ceiling height, frontage treatment on one side and
dock height or drive-in loading on the other. These buildings usually
contain less than 15 percent office space.

Research and Development (R&D): Facilities generally used in high
technology markets, broadly defined to include wide variations in
markets across the country. R & D properties could have lab
facilities, offices, warehouse facilities, or services such as
carpentry or machine repair. Typically, each property allows a
variable combination of office and other uses. The percentage of
office space ranges from 20 to 100 percent, depending on the market
and individual needs of the user.

Self-Storage/Mini-Storage Facility: a building that provides personal
storage for lease by consumers.

Truck Terminal/Hub/Transit Facility: A specialized warehouse designed
for loading and unloading and short term storage of goods. A truck
terminal contains an unusually high number of loading docks for its
size enabling simultaneous loading and unloading of a high volume of
goods.

Factory-Warehouse: A building used to receive and store goods and
merchandise. In terms of classifying such property, warehouses are
normally located in an area zoned for either commercial or industrial
property.

Distribution Warehouse: (also called Light Industrial) generally the
least intense industrial use. Office use is limited to management
tasks for the distribution or warehouse facility, or about 15 percent
of total space.

Refrigerated/Cold Storage: Buildings containing refrigerator or
freezer space within the warehouse for storage of goods with specific
low temperature storage requirements.

Industrial building classifications:

Industrial buildings are classified according to certain basic
characteristics. The most important of these classifications are:

Based on the number of stories:
One story, two stories, or multi-stories

Based on the handling equipment used:
Crane-equipped (with electric overhead cranes or with electric or
manual suspension cranes)
Non-crane-equipped

Based on the type of illumination:
Natural illumination (side and overhead)
Permanent artificial illumination (without windows or skylights)
Combined illumination (both natural and artificial)

According to the type of air-exchange system used:
Total natural ventilation
Mechanical ventilation
Air conditioning

Industrial buildings voltage classifications:
Industrial buildings are primarily machine and production-oriented and
because of their different sizes and manufacturing process, they can
need electrical supply with different voltage classes , for examples
simple industrial plant for plastic bags will need an electrical
supply with low voltage class (under 1000 V) while an industrial plant
used for Aluminum production will need an electrical supply with
medium voltage class (under 35KV as per IEC/IEEE or 69 KV as per NECA/
NEMA), for more information about different voltage classes , please
review the following links:

Course EE-1 : Voltage Ranges -Part One
http://alihassanelashmawy.blogspot.com/2011/11/course-ee-1-voltage-ranges.html

EE-1 Course: Voltage Ranges - Part Two
http://alihassanelashmawy.blogspot.com/2011/11/ee-1-course-voltage-ranges-part-two.html
For more information about Electrical System Configurations press on
the link.

System requirements for industrial buildings:

The systems and equipment that must be provided in order to satisfy
functional requirements will vary with the type of industrial
buildings , but will generally include some, or all, of the following:

Building electric service;

Power distribution systems for manufacturing and process equipment
&Plant distribution system for house loads

Power outlet systems for movable equipment: receptacles, trolley
systems, plug-in and trolley-busways, festoon-cable systems, and heavy
portable cord systems;

Process control systems, including computer-based equipment such as
programmable controllers, robotic equipment, and special-purpose
controllers of the relay or solid state types. On-line, real-time
computer systems;

Materials handling systems: cranes, hoists, distribution systems,
automated systems that identify and distribute products (as well as
update production data bases);

Lighting: interior and exterior, security and decorative, task and
general lighting;

Communications: telephone, facsimile, telegraph, satellite link,
building-to-building communications (including microwave), computer
link, radio, closed-circuit television, code call, public-address
paging, fiber-optic and electronic intercommunication, pneumatic tube,
medical alert, emergency and medical call, and a variety of other
signal systems;

Fire alarm systems: fire pumps and sprinklers, smoke and fire
detection, alarm systems, and emergency public-address systems.
Emergency alarm systems relating to dangerous process control failure
conditions;

Transportation: passenger and freight elevators, moving stairways, and
dumbwaiters;

Space-conditioning: heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning.
Ambient temperature and dew-point controls relating to the specific
manufacturing processes;

Sanitation: garbage and rubbish storage, recycling, compaction and
removal, document disposal equipment, incinerators, and sewage
handling. Handling and storage of environmentally hazardous and
sensitive waste materials;

Environmental containment of materials classified as hazardous to the
environment, including maintenance of containment systems (e.g.,
pressure, temperature);

Plumbing: hot and cold water systems and water-treatment facilities

Security watchmen, burglar alarms, electronic access systems, and
closed-circuit surveillance television;

Business machines: typewriters, computers, calculating machines,
reproduction machines, and word processors;

Refrigeration equipment;

Compressed air, vacuum systems, process gas storage and handling
systems

Clean or secure areas for isolation against contaminants and/or
electromagnetic and radio-frequency interference (EMI/RFI);

Food handling, dining and cafeteria, and food preparation facilities;

Maintenance facilities;

Lightning protection;

Automated facility control systems;

Showrooms, training areas;

Medical facilities;

Employee rest and recreational areas;

In-plant generation, cogeneration, and total energy provisions.
Legally required and optional standby/emergency power and peak-shaving
systems;

Signing, signaling, and traffic control systems. Parking control
systems, including automated parking systems.