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Gallad
Par erreur j'ai posté ce commentaire qui était en brouillon, excusez-moi.
Voilà de quoi il s'agissait: un article récent dans Nature, consacré à la
recherche des causes de l'amplification thermique aux pôles (les variations de
températures sont en général plus importantes qu'ailleurs, que ce soit à la
hausse ou à la baisse.)
En substance, l'analyse de la structure verticale du réchauffement arctique
montre que celui-ci est développé sur toute l'épaisseur de l'atmosphère,
quoique diversement selon les saisons. Les auteurs suggèrent que la rétroaction
positive de la fonte des neiges et des glaces (facteur albedo) *ne peut être la
cause principale* d'une telle signature atmosphérique, car elle devrait être
surtout sensible dans la basse troposphère et près de la surface. Ils concluent
que l'amplification polaire peut avoir pour cause importante des modifications
plus larges de la circulation atmosphérique.
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Nature 451, 53-56 (3 January 2008) | doi:10.1038/nature06502; Received 28 March
2007; Accepted 29 November 2007
Vertical structure of recent Arctic warming
Rune G. Graversen1, Thorsten Mauritsen1, Michael Tjernström1, Erland Källén1 &
Gunilla Svensson1
Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Abstract
Near-surface warming in the Arctic has been almost twice as large as the global
average over recent decades1, 2, 3, 4, 5—a phenomenon that is known as the
'Arctic amplification'. *The underlying causes of this temperature
amplification remain uncertain*. The reduction in snow and ice cover that has
occurred over recent decades6, 7 may have played a role5, 8. Climate model
experiments indicate that when global temperature rises, Arctic snow and ice
cover retreats, causing excessive polar warming9, 10, 11.
Reduction of the snow and ice cover causes albedo changes, and increased
refreezing of sea ice during the cold season and decreases in sea-ice thickness
both increase heat flux from the ocean to the atmosphere. Changes in oceanic
and atmospheric circulation, as well as cloud cover, have also been proposed to
cause Arctic temperature amplification12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17.
Here we examine the vertical structure of temperature change in the Arctic
during the late twentieth century using reanalysis data. We find evidence for
temperature amplification well above the surface. Snow and ice feedbacks cannot
be the main cause of the warming aloft during the greater part of the year,
because these feedbacks are expected to primarily affect temperatures in the
lowermost part of the atmosphere, resulting in a pattern of warming that we
only observe in spring. A significant proportion of the observed temperature
amplification must therefore be explained by mechanisms that induce warming
above the lowermost part of the atmosphere.
We regress the Arctic temperature field on the atmospheric energy transport
into the Arctic and find that, in the summer half-year, a significant
proportion of the vertical structure of warming can be explained by changes in
this variable. We conclude that changes in atmospheric heat transport may be an
important cause of the recent Arctic temperature amplification.
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Gallad
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Lucien COSTE
Ce qui ne veux bien evidemment pas dire que l'effet de serre n'est pas
responsable de ces changements de la circulation atmospherique comme tu
semble le croire dans ton brouillon ci dessus.
>
> ****************************
>
> Nature 451, 53-56 (3 January 2008) | doi:10.1038/nature06502;
> Received 28 March 2007; Accepted 29 November 2007
>
> Vertical structure of recent Arctic warming
>
> Rune G. Graversen1, Thorsten Mauritsen1, Michael Tjernström1, Erland
> Källén1 & Gunilla Svensson1
>
> Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm,
> Sweden
>
> Abstract
>
> Near-surface warming in the Arctic has been almost twice as large as
> the global average over recent decades1, 2, 3, 4, 5-a phenomenon that