The Big Bang Didn't Happen (Panic in Cosmology)

[Pentcho Valev]

"The Big Bang didn't happen" https://iai.tv/articles/the-big-bang-didnt-happen-auid-2215

"The Universe is not expanding at all...the redshift of light with increasing distance must be caused by some other phenomena – something that happens to the light itself as it travels through space." http://sci-news.com/astronomy/science-universe-not-expanding-01940.html

What happens to the light as it travels through space? Its speed gradually decreases, due to interaction with vacuum particles, and as a result we measure redshift proportional to the distance travelled by the light:

"Some physicists, however, suggest that there might be one other cosmic factor that could influence the speed of light: quantum vacuum fluctuation. This theory holds that so-called empty spaces in the Universe aren't actually empty - they're teeming with particles that are just constantly changing from existent to non-existent states. Quantum fluctuations, therefore, could slow down the speed of light." https://www.sciencealert.com/how-much-do-we-really-know-about-the-speed-of-light

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Pentcho Valev

[Pentcho Valev]

Any redshift/blueshift, in particular the Hubble redshift, is a direct consequence of two foundational principles in future, Einstein-free physics (the second principle is a corollary of the first):

1. The wavelength of light is invariable.

2. Any frequency shift is caused by a proportional speed-of-light shift.

The same holds true for the gravitational redshift/blueshift:

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: "Consider a falling object. Its speed increases as it is falling. Hence, if we were to associate a frequency with that object the frequency should increase accordingly as it falls to earth. Because of the equivalence between gravitational and inertial mass, we should observe the same effect for light. So lets shine a light beam from the top of a very tall building. If we can measure the frequency shift as the light beam descends the building, we should be able to discern how gravity affects a falling light beam. This was done by Pound and Rebka in 1960. They shone a light from the top of the Jefferson tower at Harvard and measured the frequency shift. The frequency shift was tiny but in agreement with the theoretical prediction." https://courses.physics.illinois.edu/phys419/sp2011/lectures/Lecture13/L13r.html

The same holds true for the Doppler redshift/blueshift:

"Thus, the moving observer sees a wave possessing the same wavelength [...] but a different frequency [...] to that seen by the stationary observer." http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/315/Waveshtml/node41.html

"Let's say you, the observer, now move toward the source with velocity Vo. You encounter more waves per unit time than you did before. Relative to you, the waves travel at a higher speed: V' = V+Vo. The frequency of the waves you detect is higher, and is given by: f' = V'/λ = (V+Vo)/λ." http://physics.bu.edu/~redner/211-sp06/class19/class19_doppler.html

"Vo is the velocity of an observer moving towards the source. This velocity is independent of the motion of the source. Hence, the velocity of waves relative to the observer is c + Vo. [...] The motion of an observer does not alter the wavelength. The increase in frequency is a result of the observer encountering more wavelengths in a given time." http://a-levelphysicstutor.com/wav-doppler.php

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Pentcho Valev

[Pentcho Valev]

Strange revelation:

Sabine Hossenfelder: "The solution of general relativity that describes the expanding universe is a solution on average; it is good only on very large distances. But the solutions that describe galaxies are different - and just don't expand. It's not that galaxies expand unnoticeably, they just don't. The full solution, then, is both stitched together: Expanding space between non-expanding galaxies." http://backreaction.blogspot.bg/2017/08/you-dont-expand-just-because-universe.html [Note also the shrewd comments by Ambi Valent and the not shrewd at all answers by Sabine Hossenfelder].

So honest Einsteinians apply the expansion solutions only to voids deprived of galaxies; to galaxies and galactic clusters they apply nonexpansion solutions. Why? Because, if Einsteinians applied expansion solutions to galaxies and galactic clusters, observations would immediately disprove the theory. If the universe were expanding, the competition between expansion and gravitational attraction would distort galaxies and galactic clusters - e.g. fringes only weakly bound by gravity would succumb to expansion and fly away. No distortions observed. The universe is clearly not expanding.

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Pentcho Valev

[Pentcho Valev]

"Twenty-four astronomers and physicists from ten countries have signed a petition protesting the censorship of papers that are critical of the Big Bang Hypothesis by the open pre-print website arXiv." https://www.lppfusion.com/scientists-protest-censorship-in-cosmology/

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