Cyber Crime Law Uae Pdf

[Latanya Hariri]

Thecyber crime threat continues to evolve, affecting essential services, businesses and private individuals alike. Cyber crime costs the UK billions of pounds, causes untold damage, and threatens national security.

The deployment of ransomware remains the greatest cyber serious and organised crime threat to the UK and its use threatens Critical National Infrastructure and poses a risk to national security. Ransomware attacks can have a significant impact on victims due to financial, data and service losses, which can lead to business closure, inaccessible public services and compromised customer data.

Russian-language criminals operating ransomware as a service continue to be responsible for most high profile cyber crime attacks against the UK. Some of these high profile Russian-language groups are known to have links with the Russian state. However, it is highly likely that in most instances these links extend only to tolerance of their activities.

The wider cyber crime landscape is supported by online marketplaces selling compromised data and tools that enable cyber crime. Cyber tools, including ransomware, are increasingly available to a wide range of cyber criminals, alongside service providers who can provide access to online systems. This marketplace also enables criminals from other threat areas, and enables cyber criminals with only basic capabilities to cause serious harm to UK businesses and individuals.

Although young criminals are often driven by peer kudos rather than financial reward, organised cyber crime groups are motivated by profit. Cyber criminals seek to exploit human or security vulnerabilities in order to steal passwords, data or money directly.

We focus on critical cyber incidents as well as longer-term activity against the criminals and the enablers that make up the cybercrime business model. This approach targets the online cyber criminal ecosystem that provides products, goods and services, which make it easier for people to commit cyber crime.

We work closely with UK police, regional organised crime units, and partners in international law enforcement such as Europol, the FBI and the US Secret Service to share intelligence and coordinate action. We have also developed close and effective partnerships with private industry to share information and technical expertise.

As well as disrupting the current generation of cyber criminals we also want to prevent young people from slipping into cyber crime. Our Cyber Choices programme helps them make informed choices and encourages them to use their cyber skills in a legal way.

Today, the world is more digitally connected than ever before. Criminals take advantage of this online transformation to target weaknesses in online systems, networks and infrastructure. There is a massive economic and social impact on governments, businesses and individuals worldwide.

Close collaboration between public and private partners is therefore essential. INTERPOL, with its global reach, plays a vital role in building cross-sector partnerships and enabling international law enforcement cooperation.

At INTERPOL, we coordinate law enforcement operations, and deliver secure data sharing platforms, analysis and training in order to reduce cyber threats. By increasing the capacity of our member countries to prevent, detect, investigate and disrupt cybercrimes, we can help protect communities for a safer world.

In addition to investigative and forensic resources, G3C also manages the GBI Cyber Crime Training Center. This unique, innovative training facility provides access to classroom and laboratory training that covers a full range of cyber-related topics to assist the capabilities of law enforcement. This training prepares first responders, investigators, forensic analysts, and administrators with the skills needed to immediately address and contain cyber-related incidents. The Cyber Crime Academy also serves as a venue for providing state prosecutors with hands-on training and resources to effectively translate highly technical information into clear and concise courtroom presentations.

The Georgia Cyber Crime Center was created in response to the exponential rise in Cyber Crime throughout local, state, and national jurisdictions. Cooperative efforts by the Officer of the Governor, the GBI, the Georgia Technology Authority, and Augusta University ensure that law enforcement agencies, businesses, and the infrastructure of the state of Georgia have access to specialized investigative assistance, thereby preventing expansion of cyber-related criminal activity in Georgia.

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The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) Cyber Crimes Center (C3) delivers computer-based technical services to support domestic and international investigations into cross-border crime. C3 is made up of the Cyber Crimes Unit, the Child Exploitation Investigations Unit, and the Computer Forensics Unit. This state-of-the-art center offers cyber crime support and training to federal, state, local, and international law enforcement agencies. C3 also operates a fully equipped computer forensics laboratory, which specializes in digital evidence recovery, and offers training in computer investigative and forensic skills.

The Law Enforcement Cyber Incident Reporting resource provides information for state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) law enforcement on when, what and how to report a cyber incident to a federal entity. The document also provides information on federally sponsored training opportunities and other useful resources available to SLTT law enforcement.

Cybercrime encompasses a wide range of criminal activities that are carried out using digital devices and/or networks. These crimes involve the use of technology to commit fraud, identity theft, data breaches, computer viruses, scams, and expanded upon in other malicious acts. Cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks to gain unauthorized access, steal sensitive information, disrupt services, and cause financial or reputational harm to individuals, organizations, and governments.[1]

In 2000, the tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders placed cyber crimes into five categories: unauthorized access, damage to computer data or programs, sabotage to hinder the functioning of a computer system or network, unauthorized interception of data within a system or network, and computer espionage.[1]

Internationally, both state and non-state actors engage in cybercrimes, including espionage, financial theft, and other cross-border crimes. Cybercrimes crossing international borders and involving the actions of at least one nation-state are sometimes referred to as cyberwarfare. Warren Buffett has said that cybercrime is the "number one problem with mankind"[2] and that it "poses real risks to humanity".[3]

The World Economic Forum's (WEF) 2020 Global Risks Report confirmed that organized cybercrime groups are joining forces to commit criminal activities online, while estimating the likelihood of their detection and prosecution to be less than 1 percent in the US.[4] There are also many privacy concerns surrounding cybercrime when confidential information is intercepted or disclosed, legally or otherwise.

Computer fraud is the act of using a computer to take or alter electronic data, or to gain unlawful use of a computer or system.[9] Computer fraud that involves the use of the internet is also called internet fraud. The legal definition of computer fraud varies by jurisdiction, but typically involves accessing a computer without permission or authorization.

Forms of computer fraud include hacking into computers to alter information, distributing malicious code such as computer worms or viruses, installing malware or spyware to steal data, phishing, and advance-fee scams.[10]

Other forms of fraud may be committed using computer systems, including bank fraud, carding, identity theft, extortion, and theft of classified information. These types of crimes often result in the loss of personal or financial information.

The term cyberterrorism refers to acts of terrorism committed through the use of cyberspace or computer resources.[11] Acts of disruption of computer networks and personal computers through viruses, worms, phishing, malicious software, hardware, or programming scripts can all be forms of cyberterrorism.[12]

Government officials and information technology (IT) security specialists have documented a significant increase in network problems and server scams since early 2001. In the United States there is an increasing concern from agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).[13]

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