Kothari C.r. (2008) Research Methodology Methods And Techniques New Age International

[Neomi Bensch]

Thecourse is designed to achieve an understanding and working knowledge of the role of qualitative and quantitative methodology in management research. It involves an understanding of the relationship between theory, methodology, and methods in qualitative, quantitative and mixed method research. At the end of the course, the student should appreciate the various methods and techniques and be well-trained to think logically and scientifically in an inter-disciplinary framework.

Inductive, deductive and abductive analysis; learning through reflection, learning through content and context: content analysis; discourse analysis; software for qualitative data analysis; issues of reliability and validity in qualitative research; ethical issues and reflexivity in qualitative research

Sampling: need and concept; probability sampling methods- simple random, stratified and cluster sampling; non-probability sampling methods - judgmental, convenience, quota and snowball sampling; accuracy and diversity issues in sampling; sampling distributions; point and interval estimation; sample size and sampling error

Basic concepts of hypothesis testing; errors in testing a hypothesis; selecting a hypothesis test - one sample test for mean and proportions based on z and t distributions; two sample statistical inferences about means (independent and matched samples) and proportions; inferences about one sample and two sample population variances; applications based on inferential statistics.

English has been used by people all over the world as an international language and reading is one of the four abilities that students must master in order to learn English. Scanning as a reading technique can help students overcome their difficulties English reading. purpose of this study to analyze the reading comprehension skill of classes taught using scanning technique, classes taught without scanning technique and the difference between those two classes. The research methodology was quantitative methods. The subject of this research was SMA N 1 Gemuh Kendal. The researcher used pre-test and post-test as instrument of the research. The technique of analyzing data was scoring of students test result, categorizing the students score, finding the means, calculating the results. The study's findings revealed that though pre-test students on average scored 59.1143, post-test students on average scored 85.0000. based on the scores gained when carrying out research before and after being provided treatment utilizing the scanning approach, it was determined that there was a considerable improvement in the students' scores.

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