The scope of the Benchmarks Regulation is broad. It includes three categories of benchmarks: critical, significant and non-significant benchmarks, with critical benchmarks subject to stricter rules. The Benchmarks Regulation includes also specific rules for commodity benchmarks and interest rates. In November 2019, two new categories of benchmarks were included: EU Climate Transition and EU Paris-aligned benchmarks.
The equivalence regime applies at jurisdiction level, and it is driven by an assessment by the Commission. When the Commission adopts an equivalence decision, stating that the regulatory framework of a third-country is equivalent to the EU BMR, ESMA establishes cooperation arrangements with the competent authority of that third country. The following are the equivalent decisions adopted by the Commission under BMR and the corresponding cooperation arrangements between ESMA and the third country authorities.
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If an administrator, located in a third country, wishes to be recognised in the EU for its benchmarks to be used in the EU, then it has to apply for recognition with ESMA. Article 32 of the Benchmarks Regulation requires the applicant administrator to provide all information necessary to satisfy ESMA that it has established, at the time of recognition, all the necessary arrangements to meet the requirements set out in the Benchmarks Regulation and further specified in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/1645. The form and content of an application for recognition are detailed in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/1645.
Before submitting an application for recognition, applicants are strongly encouraged to engage with ESMA as they prepare the necessary documentation for the application. Administrators interested in applying for recognition can reach out to ESMA by email (Supervi...@esma.europa.eu). Such pre-application engagement will in no way prejudice the subsequent submission of the application.
Under the Benchmarks Regulation, a supervised entity located in the EU may use a benchmark: (i) if the benchmark is provided by an administrator located in the EU included in the ESMA register or (ii) if the benchmark is provided by an administrator located outside the EU and the benchmark is included in the ESMA register. ESMA publishes a register of administrators and third country benchmarks, in accordance with Article 36 of the Benchmarks Regulation. ESMA started publishing this list of Administrators and third country benchmarks on 3 January 2018.
ESMA publishes on an annual basis a report with aggregated information on all administrative sanctions and measures and all criminal sanctions imposed by the national competent authorities under the Benchmarks Regulation.
Since 2007, UNIGINE benchmarks provide completely unbiased results and generate true in-game rendering workloads across multiple platforms (Windows, Linux and macOS), featuring support for both DirectX and OpenGL. There is also an interactive experience with fly-by and walk-through modes giving a chance to explore all corners of these virtual worlds powered by the cutting-edge UNIGINE Engine.
To ensure that the full CPU power of a PC system is realized,PerformanceTest runs each CPU test on all available CPUs. Specifically,PerformanceTestruns one simultaneous CPU test for every logical CPU (Hyper-threaded);physical CPU core (dual core) or physical CPU package (multiple CPU chips).Sohypothetically if you have a PC that has two CPUs, each with dual cores thatuse hyper-threading, then PerformanceTest will run eight simultaneoustests.... [ Read the entire article]
Each Benchmark version comes with a spreadsheet that lists every test case, the vulnerability category, the CWE number, and the expected result (true finding/false positive). Look for the file: expectedresults-VERSION#.csv in the project root directory.
Security tools (SAST, DAST, and IAST) are amazing when they find a complex vulnerability in your code. But with widespread misunderstanding of the specific vulnerabilities automated tools cover, end users are often left with a false sense of security.
Remember, we are trying to test the capabilities of the tools and make them explicit, so that users can make informed decisions about what tools to use, how to use them, and what results to expect. This is exactly aligned with the OWASP mission to make application security visible.
Note: We have set the Benchmark app to use up to 6 Gig of RAM, which it may need when it is fully scanned by a DAST scanner. The DAST tool probably also requires 3+ Gig of RAM. As such, we recommend having a 16 Gig machine if you are going to try to run a full DAST scan. And at least 4 or ideally 8 Gig if you are going to play around with the running Benchmark app.
There are scripts for running each of the free SAST vulnerability detection tools included with the Benchmark against the Benchmark test cases. On Linux, you might have to make them executable (e.g., chmod 755 *.sh) before you can run them.
Many of the free Open Source SAST tools come bundled with Benchmark so you can run them yourselves. Simply run script/runTOOLNAME.(sh/bat) and it puts the results into the /results directory automatically. There are scripts for running PMD, FindBugs, SpotBugs, and FindSecBugs.
Interactive Application Security Testing (IAST) tools work differently than scanners. IAST tools monitor an application as it runs to identify application vulnerabilities using context from inside the running application. Typically these tools run continuously, immediately notifying users of vulnerabilities, but you can also get a full report of an entire application. To do this, we simply run the Benchmark application with an IAST agent and use a crawler to hit all the pages.
Benchmarking is usually associated with assessing performance characteristics of computer hardware, for example, the floating point operation performance of a CPU, but there are circumstances when the technique is also applicable to software. Software benchmarks are, for example, run against compilers or database management systems (DBMS).
As computer architecture advanced, it became more difficult to compare the performance of various computer systems simply by looking at their specifications. Therefore, tests were developed that allowed comparison of different architectures. For example, Pentium 4 processors generally operated at a higher clock frequency than Athlon XP or PowerPC processors, which did not necessarily translate to more computational power; a processor with a slower clock frequency might perform as well as or even better than a processor operating at a higher frequency. See BogoMips and the megahertz myth.
Computer manufacturers are known to configure their systems to give unrealistically high performance on benchmark tests that are not replicated in real usage. For instance, during the 1980s some compilers could detect a specific mathematical operation used in a well-known floating-point benchmark and replace the operation with a faster mathematically equivalent operation. However, such a transformation was rarely useful outside the benchmark until the mid-1990s, when RISC and VLIW architectures emphasized the importance of compiler technology as it related to performance. Benchmarks are now regularly used by compiler companies to improve not only their own benchmark scores, but real application performance.
Given the large number of benchmarks available, a manufacturer can usually find at least one benchmark that shows its system will outperform another system; the other systems can be shown to excel with a different benchmark.
Features of benchmarking software may include recording/exporting the course of performance to a spreadsheet file, visualization such as drawing line graphs or color-coded tiles, and pausing the process to be able to resume without having to start over. Software can have additional features specific to its purpose, for example, disk benchmarking software may be able to optionally start measuring the disk speed within a specified range of the disk rather than the full disk, measure random access reading speed and latency, have a "quick scan" feature which measures the speed through samples of specified intervals and sizes, and allow specifying a data block size, meaning the number of requested bytes per read request.[2]
The Quick System Drive Benchmark is a shorter test with a smaller set of less demanding real-world traces that is designed for smaller system drives that are unable to run the Full System Drive benchmark.
The Data Drive Benchmark is designed to test drives that are used for storing files rather than applications. You can also use this test with NAS drives, USB sticks, memory cards, and other external storage devices.
The Drive Performance Consistency Test is a long-running test with a heavy, continuous load. In-depth reporting for expert users shows how the performance of the drive varies under different conditions.
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