"Those acquainted with Daya Thussu as the editor of the respected journal Global Media and Communication and his earlier publications will not be surprised by this excellent, comprehensive yet brief survey of the scope and limits of India's Soft Power and the country's changing status in global public culture and media. This book will remain a powerful aid to scholars and researchers seeking clues to the many undercurrents in India's definition of its global presence and the projection of that self-definition through its public diplomacy." - Professor Ashis Nandy, Senior Honorary Fellow, Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, New Delhi
"Daya Thussu elegantly places India's Soft Power in its historical and cultural framework, deftly managing the geopolitical and technological context. His analysis is innovative and persuasive, as is fitting in telling a grand tale of a grand Indian narrative." - Monroe Price, Director, Center for Global Communication Studies, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, USA
"Daya Thussu's book rescues the concept of soft power from American hands and applies it insightfully to India, and the concept is made richer and more useful as a result. With its dynamic and prosperous diaspora, the growing global popularity of its spiritual beliefs and practice, its reach as a global economic and technological powerhouse, and even its cherished cuisine, India's growing soft power potential is evident. Yet Thussu also takes a hard look at the impediments that stand in the way of India taking full advantage of its soft power appeal. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in broadening their understanding of the role of soft power in foreign affairs." - Steven Livingston, Professor of Media and Public Affairs and International Affairs, George Washington University, USA
"A balanced, learned and historically informed analysis of India's global presence and the soft power that accompanies it. The book contains many important insights and should be of value to decision makers and general public alike." - Professor Lord Bhikhu Parekh
The field of Bollywood studies has remained predominantly critical, theoretical and historical in focus. This book brings together qualitative and quantitative approaches to tackle empirical questions focusing on the relationship between soft power, hybridity, cinematic texts, and audiences.
David J. Schaefer is Professor of the Department of Communication Arts at Franciscan University of Steubenville, USA. He has published numerous book chapters and journal articles on film and digital media and is a member of the Asian Media Information and Communication and International Communication Association.
Kavita Karan is an Associate Professor at the School of Journalism at the Southern Illinois University, USA. Her edited and co-edited books include Cyber Communities in Rural Asia: A Study of Seven Asian Countries, Commercializing Women: Images of Asian Women in the Media, Singapore General Elections 2001: Study of the Media, Politics and Public and Information Policies in Asia: Development of Indicators.
As part of my Hindi classes designed for children who are growing up with English as their first language, I teach Indian culture as well. Recently, I have been teaching my students the differences among namaste, namaskar and pranam. In this article I share a few heartwarming stories to demonstrate the power of pranam and how that brought a moment of delight to my students and their families.
Like most of my students, I was born and raised here in the US. And like many of my students, I have never had any relatives nearby. That makes it even more difficult to relate to these cultural norms.
Dance is everywhere in the arts of the Indian cultural sphere: from the sacred dance of a god bringing the world into being to the elaborate choreography of modern Bollywood, every move has meaning. Through July 10, 2023, the Asian Art Museum presents Beyond Bollywood: 2000 Years of Dance in Art, inviting all to discover the power of dance in the visual arts of India, Southeast Asia, and the Himalayas, where dancing plays a significant role in religion, mythology, and ceremony.
Beyond Bollywood is organized by the Asian Art Museum and the Cincinatti Art Museum and co-curated by Wattis Senior Curator of South and Southeast Asian Art Forrest McGill and Ainsley M. Cameron, curator of South Asian Art, Islamic Art and Antiquities at the Cincinnati Art Museum. An exhibition catalog published by the Asian Art Museum includes essays by McGill, Cameron, Laura Weinstein, Padma Kaimal, and Esha Niyogi De. Show less
The concept of soft power was first introduced by Joseph Nye, a renowned Harvard political scientist, in an article published in the journal Foreign Policy in 1990. Soft power refers to the ability of a country to attract and persuade others to its side without using coercion or force. Nye contrasted soft power with hard or command power, which involves ordering others to do what one wants.
Bollywood has been successful in creating a global audience and helping to shape global perceptions of India. It has also helped break down cultural barriers and promote cross-cultural understanding. The Indian film industry has achieved this through the use of universal themes that are relatable to a global audience, such as romance, family, and friendship, combined with traditional Indian cultural elements.
However, the success of Bollywood has allowed India to leverage its soft power on the global stage. By promoting its culture and values through popular cinema, India has been able to shape global perceptions of the country and promote its interests abroad. The use of Bollywood as a tool of public diplomacy has allowed India to connect with audiences around the world and build bridges between cultures.
India has the potential to take up a more significant leadership role and has been effective in articulating a Southern perspective on global affairs through its presence in the Group of 77 developing nations and the G-20 leading economies of the world, where a significant influence of Indian movies are injected without any doubt.
Bollywood has a strong secular streak and has been used for diplomacy, as seen in the 2015 film Bajrangi Bhaijaan, which improved people-to-people relations with Pakistan. Indian films also remain popular in Afghanistan, with the potential to promote anti-extremism and peace in the region, as suggested in US government cables released by WikiLeaks.
Indian films were once popular in communist China as a cheap alternative to Hollywood productions, but they disappeared when China developed its own film industry. However, the success of Bollywood films like Lagaan and 3 Idiots in China, especially among the younger generation, has brought Bollywood back into Chinese popular consciousness. The 2009 comedy 3 Idiots, starring Aamir Khan, was released in theatres across China in 2011, dubbed in Mandarin.
Conflicts often smolder in secret. Those affected are too isolated to raise their voices, mainstream society does not want to hear about it, and often these groups are persecuted. The media frequently functions as the mouthpiece of the majority opinion, thereby cementing discrimination against these groups or individuals. But discrimination has its price. It is paid by the people living in conflict with more powerful social groups or with the state. These people are often denied the right to human dignity, which is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. But mainstream society also pays a price: the anger of discriminated groups can be discharged into violence, as could be seen in the protests against police violence in the USA in 2020. A society that tries to turn a blind eye to change becomes unmoving and refuses to change.
India is a country that attaches great importance to conventions. It is very difficult to be different to what mainstream society expects. But in recent years many taboos have been broken; people are increasingly talking about sensitive issues. On the one hand, this is thanks to the many brave individuals who have defied conventions and norms. On the other hand, some media outlets have also found formats to make sensitive issues accessible to a wider public without stirring outrage.
Below, our author Vinamrata Chaturvedi reports on the struggle of individuals against discriminatory social conventions, for example, in relation to homosexuality or physical disabilities. Read also her article on on the TV show "Zindagi Live" that is creating change with a touch of Bollywood.
Sameer Chaturvedi has been living with cerebral palsy for 34 years. His life has not been easy. When he was a child, his friends used to mimic the way he walked and make fun of him. Later, during a job interview, he was forced to stand up from his chair to show how much he could move. But despite his special needs, he managed to enroll in Jawaharlal Nehru University to study sociology, where he is now researching disability and publishing articles on the topic.
He criticizes the stereotypes about disabled people. In Indian mythology, for instance, evil people usually have some kind of disability. Take, for instance, the visually impaired King Dhritarashtra from the Indian epic of Mahabharata and the hunchbacked woman Manthara from Ramayana. On the other hand, mainstream media often portray disabled people as heroes or models of resilience to be followed. In reality shows like Indian Idol, disabled people are pitied and presented as particularly nice people. Disabled people never seem to be normal people with disparate characteristics. This is why when Prime Minister Narendra Modi used the Hindi word divyang for disabled persons, Chaturvedi criticized him strongly in articles for various media platforms. Divyang means "divine body." Though readers and relatives took issue with him for speaking out against the PM and the system, Chaturvedi defended himself, saying "We need empathy, not sympathy."
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