Although there are very few mentions to dp, it seems to be the units used everywhere in flutter.
In android devices with density mdpi (equivalent to 1x in iOS ecosystem, for example in devices pre-retina), 1 px = 1 dp. Now if you get xhdpi you get twice as many pixels per cm as in mdpi, so in xhdpi 2px = 1 dp.
But you shouldn't need to care at all what's the resolution in the phone, unless dealing with images, where you need to read about variants. Even there you're talking only about image quality, not how big it should show on screen:
https://flutter.io/assets-and-images/#resolution-aware
Your phone model is usually not important, since it has to work and look decent on any phone from let's say 5' to 7'. That's what you should focus on, unless client has specific (and often unreasonable) requests.
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2025282/what-is-the-difference-between-px-dip-dp-and-sp
Bottom line, nobody should use pixels. 1 dp (android) = 1 point (iOS). Assume sketch is done using dp, and unless it looks unreasonable big or small you should be fine.