Just to close this out, and add to the knowledge base...
I deleted the CMake build directory and cache files in my project. No Joy.
I deleted the CLion .idea directory and re-initialised the project. No Joy.
I deleted Xcode and re-installed it from scratch. No Joy.
I deleted my homebrew installation and reinstalled from scratch. No Joy.
I deleted my fltk-1.4.x directory, recloned, and rebuild using CMake. Success!
This is the first project where I have used the CMake build of fltk, rather
than a plain make and using 'fltk-config --ldstaticflags' to add libfltk.a to
the link command lines.
So it looks like the old SDK 11.3 path was in the fltk-1.4.x CMake cache
and not in my project's CMake cache, but I never even considered that
because explicit builds against "old" libfltk.a libraries have always worked.
Not a CLion problem. Not an Xcode update problem.
A bit of a CMake problem.
But really PEBCAK :-(
D.