This issue only happened on our older hardware. All servers from Dell's RX10 series (R810 for example) were impacted. Newer ones were not.
Nodes were initially provisioned with 3139.2.3 (5.15.48-flatcar), they were upgraded to 3227.2.0 (5.15.55-flatcar).
Following the restart after the OS update journalctl for systemd presented with a message like "could not bring up interface no such file or directory". I also recorded the reboot sequence in case it's informative. In the recording session I forgot to show the error message but it was literally just what I wrote above. Just that.
Here's the boot sequence in case it's helpful. This issue is not too bad for us since we are operating at a rather small scale. Unexpected nevertheless and prompted us to disable automatic OS updates.