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[Rakeen Garreau]

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You can watch and like videos and subscribe to channels with a Google Account. But without a YouTube channel, you have no public presence on YouTube. Even if you have a Google Account, you need to create a YouTube channel to upload videos, comment, or make playlists.

This guide covers various topics related to channels, an AMQP 0-9-1-specific abstraction.Channels cannot exist without a connection, so getting familiar with the Connections guide firstis highly recommended.

Some applications need multiple logical connections to thebroker. However, it is undesirable to keep many TCPconnections open at the same time because doing so consumessystem resources and makes it more difficult to configurefirewalls. AMQP 0-9-1 connections are multiplexed withchannels that can be thought of as "lightweightconnections that share a single TCP connection".

Every protocol operation performed by a client happens on a channel.Communication on a particular channel is completely separatefrom communication on another channel, therefore every protocolmethod also carries a channel ID (a.k.a. channel number), an integerthat both the broker and clients use to figure out which channel the method is for.

Much like connections, channels are meant to be long lived. That is, there is no need to opena channel per operation and doing so would be very inefficient, since opening a channel is anetwork roundtrip.

If a channel is closed immediately after a consumer acknowledged a number of deliveries on it,the acknowledgements may or may not reach their target queue before the channel is terminated.In this case the messages with a pending acknowledgement on the channel will be automatically requeuedfollowing the channel closure.

This scenario usually applies to workloads with short lived channels. Using long lived channels anddesigning consumers in a way that they can handle redeliveries potential surprises may beassociated with this edge case behavior. Note that redelivered messages will be explicitly marked as such.

Certain scenarios are assumed to be recoverable ("soft") errors in the protocol. They renderthe channel closed but applications can open another one and try to recover or retry a number oftimes. Most common examples are:

Any attempted operation on a closed channel will fail with an exception. Note that when RabbitMQcloses a channel, it notifies the client of that using an asynchronous protocol method. In other words,an operation that caused a channel exception won't fail immediately but a channel closure eventhandler will fire shortly after.

Some client libraries may use blocking operations that wait fora response. In this case they may communicate channel exceptions differently, e.g. usingruntime exceptions, an error type, or other means appropriate for the language.

Each channel consumes a relatively small amount of memory on the client. Depending on client library'simplementation detail it can also use a dedicated thread pool (or similar) where consumeroperations are dispatched, and therefore one or more threads (or similar).

Each channel also consumes a relatively small amount of memory on the node the client is connected to,plus a few Erlang processes. Since a node usually serves multiple channel connections, the effectsof excessive channel usage or channel leaks will primarily be reflected in RabbitMQ nodes' metricsand not those of clients.

Given both of these factors, limiting the number of channels used per connection is highly recommended.As a guideline, most applications can use a single digit number of channels per connection.Those with particularly high concurrency rates (usually such applications are consumers)can start with one channel per thread/process/coroutine and switch to channel poolingwhen metrics suggest that the original model is no longer sustainable, e.g. because it consumestoo much memory.

The lower value of the two is used: the client cannotbe configured to allow for more channels than the server configured maximum.Clients that attempt that will run into an error that looks like this in the logs:

Because they affect node resource use,the number of currently open channels and channel opening/closure rates are important metricsof the system that should be monitored. Monitoring them will help detect a number ofcommon problems:

The number of channels is displayed in the management UI on the Overview tab,as is the number of connections.By dividing the number of channels by the number of connectionsthe operator can determine an average number of channels per connection.

Overview and individual node pages provide a chart of channel churn rate as of RabbitMQ 3.7.9.If the rate of channel open operations is consistently higher than that of channel close operations,this is evidence of a channel leak in one of the applications:

A system is said to have high channel churn when its rate of newly opened channels is consistently high andits rate of closed channels is consistently high. This usually means that an applicationuses short lived channels or channels are often closed due to channel-level exceptions.

Management UI provides a chart of channel churn rate.Below is a chart that demonstrates a fairly low channel churn with a virtually identical number of channel open and closedin the given period of time:

While connection and disconnection rates are system-specific, rates consistently above 100/second likely indicate a suboptimalconnection management by one or more applications and usually are worth investigating.

rabbitmqctl list_connections and rabbitmqctl list_channels are theprimary commands for inspecting per-connection channel count and channel details such as the number ofconsumers, unacknowledged messages, prefetch and so on.

Channels that publish messages can outpace other parts of the system, most likely busy queues and queuesthat perform replication. When that happens, flow control is applied topublishing channels and, in turn, connections. Channels and connections that only consume messagesare not affected.

Monitoring systems can collect metrics on the number of connections in flow state.Applications that experience flow control regularly may consider to use separate connectionsto publish and consume to avoid flow control effects on non-publishing operations (e.g. queue management).

Workflows let you automate repetitive tasks or processes that connect one or more apps to Teams. In short, they can save you time and effort. Creating a workflow directly from a channel in Teams is easy.

Remember, after creating your workflow, you can manage it from the Workflows app in Teams or in Power Automate. Also, be aware that the workflows you create within the Workflows app in Microsoft Teams are always created in your organization's default environment.

Chrome supports a number of different release channels. We use these channels toslowly roll out updates to users, starting with our close to daily Canarychannel builds, all the way up to our Stable channel releases that happen every6 weeks roughly.

The release channels for chrome range from the most stable and tested (Stablechannel) to completely untested and likely least stable (Canary channel). Youcan run all channels alongside all others, as they do not share profiles withone another. This allows you to play with our latest code, while still keeping atested version of Chrome around.

Note: Early access releases (Canary builds and Dev and Beta channels) willbe only partly translated into languages other than English. Text related to newfeatures may not get translated into all languages until the feature is releasedin the Stable channel.

Before you switch, you should make a backup of your profile (bookmarks, mostvisited pages, history, cookies, etc). If you ever want to switch back to a morestable channel, your updated profile data might not be compatible with the olderversion.Make a copy of the User Data\Default directory (for example, copy it to'Default Backup' in the same location). The location depends on your operatingsystem:

The English Channel,[a][1] also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France. It links to the southern part of the North Sea by the Strait of Dover at its northeastern end. It is the busiest shipping area in the world.[2]

The name first appears in Roman sources as Oceanus Britannicus (or Mare Britannicum, meaning the British Ocean or British Sea). Variations of this term were used by influential writers such as Ptolemy, and remained popular with British and continental authors well into the modern era. Other Latin names for the sea include Oceanus Gallicus (the Gaulish Ocean) which was used by Isidore of Seville in the sixth century.[6]

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