If I understand correctly, you are looking to find out which tasks were executed already in a Firework that is running.
There is some code in rocket.py that creates a checkpoint as the tasks in a Firework run:
checkpoint = {'_task_n': t_counter,
'_all_stored_data': all_stored_data,
'_all_update_spec': all_update_spec,
'_all_mod_spec': all_mod_spec}
Rocket.update_checkpoint(lp, launch_dir, launch_id, checkpoint)
This updates the "state_history" attribute of a launch with information about the task number.
Currently, this code is used for task-level reruns. For example, if a Firework FIZZLES at task #4 within the Firework, this checkpoint information can be used to rerun the Firework only at task #4 if desired.
It's possible this same feature could be used for what you are trying to accomplish?