Providing the greased lightning that that our API offers is a complex and costly process, and blobs would be a considerable increase to that infrastructure, so I'm fairly sure any uploads via the API would be subject to bandwidth restrictions.
The data transfer costs are extremely easy to calculate. It's a simple matter of bytes, so you need only take your own analytics or insights for usage and frequency of uploads, and multiply that by the average or maximum image size. Adding 5% for overhead should account for any Firebase meta.
I think if your use case is fairly standard, you'll find the current approach a little more favorable than you suspect. For example, our free plan would support uploading circa 20k images that were 250k in size per month. The candle plan would happily support 80k images. By way of comparison,
filepicker.io charges around $99/mo for 25k files (note that they allow up to 1GB per file, which would free you from optimizing the images for larger uploads like pics taken from the phone).