Hi Christoph,
Like many 80s peripherals, the Speech Synthesizer chips used, the SP0256-AL2 used in the Currah Microspeech and the TMS5220 used in Speak And Spell are no longer available:
There is also the SpeechJet speech synthesizer available from SparkFun:
At $25 for the bare chip it's fairly expensive, but there are some arduino projects which use it. I imagine the computation required should be possible with a modern DIL microcontroller and the source code for a TMS5220 emulator can be found from the MAME source code:
Hope this helps!
-cheers from Julz