HD Online Player (Twenty Korean Movie Eng Sub Srt 48)
Gildo Santiago
Korean MMOs are famous for their grind, and entirely unapologetic. Their reason for being is to allow a player to plough through levels, existing to fight and fighting to exist. Kill twenty of these, then twenty of those, then twenty of the one over there. Levels tick by, abilities slightly alter, drops are picked up, used or sold, skills are tweaked, and the world sits still around you. RF Online, at least in this respect, is different.
The amount of time that the participants spent playing online games was significantly greater on weekends than on weekdays. On weekends, the types of games with the largest numbers of participants who played games for more than three hours were ranked as follows: RPG and FPS, RTS, and sports games. The Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS)score for the RPG group was the highest among the groups of the four types of game players. The time that participants spent playing games on weekdays was negatively associated with academic performance, especially for the RPG and FPS groups. Compared with the other groups, the RPG and RTS groups had higher novelty seeking (NS) scores and self-directedness (SD) scores, respectively. Additionally, the sports game group had higher reward dependency scores than the other groups.
However, the majority of previous studies11,12 have recruited individuals with Internet game addictions without considering the different characters of the online game genres which these individuals played. In this study, it is hypothesized that biogenetic traits among Internet game players will influence both the type of the game genre chosen and the amount of time spent playing Internet games.
Previously, online games have been classified into eight categories, including arcade, real-time strategy, role playing, adventure, sports, action, first person shooting, and board games.13,14 Among these types of games, RPG (41.57%), first person shooting games (FPS, 21.7%), real-time strategy (RTS, 15.09%), and sports (6.02%) games are the most popular in Korea.15 The objective of RPGs is to develop a character in the game by solving specific missions. In these types of games, each character has his or her own role in the game, and each user takes part in the game in order to communicate and cooperate in making progress and advancing the storyline.16,17 FPS games are shooting games which can be further categorized as arcade-style games. While playing FPS games, the player must shoot weapons from the first-person point of view in order to defeat the enemy.17,18 This type of game requires quick thinking and decision-making. The third type of game is the RTS. In this type of game the purpose is to defeat one's opponent using one's own strategy.17,19 The most famous games representing this genre are Starcraft and Warcraft, in which the players take on specific roles and make advances on the basis of their own strategic decisions. Finally, the sports games simulate real-life sports, such as football, baseball, basketball and so forth.17 Among these type of game, the winners and losers are decided within a relatively short period of time, and these types of games require intense competition, quick decision making, and cognitive flexibility.17,20
In chemical addiction research, NS has been shown to be associated with cravings for substances.27 High NS also has been reported in game addictions research.11 Moreover, RPG gamers had higher Internet addiction scores, when compared to simulation, role playing, web board, community, action, adventure, shooting, and sports games.28 RPGs have been designed to involve meeting new gamers and cooperating or fighting with others.16,17 Therefore, the RPG group was expected to show more characteristics of higher RD or higher cooperativeness. However, this group had higher NS scores. Interestingly, previous studies have shown the relationship among dopamine, NS and addiction. As such, we consider the relation between RPG and NS to be in line with the characteristics of NS. That is, new stimulation leads to reactions strengthening behaviors.7,29 NS as a personality trait has been reported to be associated with medial frontal activity.30 A role for craving in the medial frontal cortex has also been suggested in the subjects treated with methylphenidate.31 In studies of increased risk of drug addiction among adolescent, imaging studies have suggested that the craving for drugs and dependency may be due to immaturities of the prefrontal cortex during the adolescent period.32,33 In particular, Gogtay and colleagues33 suggested that prefrontal maturation continues throughout the early twenties. Cunningham and colleagues32 declared that unstable cognitive modulation of emotion in adolescent addicts may be associated with under developed prefrontal cortex maturation. Therefore, current results indirectly support the relationship between immature prefrontal cortex development which is associated with high NS and addiction-related traits. Taken together, we suggest that students who enjoy RPG may be more vulnerable to Internet game addictions than players who play other genres of games as they had higher NS and YIAS scores compared to students who played the other types of games. Additionally, the results of this study showed that playing excessive RPG online games is associated with reduced academic performance.
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