The Ghana national football team represents Ghana in men's international football.[5] The team is named the Black Stars after the Black Star of Africa in the flag of Ghana.[6] It is governed by the Ghana Football Association, the governing body for football in Ghana. Prior to 1957, it played as the Gold Coast.
The Black Stars had no official head because of "corrupt" practices[26][27][28] by the then president, Kwesi Nyantakyi[29] and vice-president George Afriyie,[30] with Frank Davis as director of football, and Edward Bawa as treasurer.[31] The Ghana Football Association (GFA) signed a CN92.2 million (US$15 million) deal with Ghanaian state-run oil and gas exploration corporation, Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC), to sponsor the Black Stars and the renewable contract saw the oil and gas exploration corporation become the global headline sponsor of the Black Stars, with a yearly Black Stars player salary wage bill,[32][33] following the gold mining corporations Ashanti Goldfields Corporation and Goldfields Ghana Limited (GGL), which had been sponsoring the Black Stars since 2005.[34]
The Black Stars maintain an average stadium match attendance of 60,000+ and a match attendance high of 80,000+, such as in the case of its 2010 FIFA World Cup quarter-final against Uruguay which was attended by 84,017 spectators.[37]Ghana's match against England on 29 March 2011 had the largest away following for any association football national team since the re-opening of Wembley Stadium in 2007.[38] The match was watched by 700 million people around the world.[38]
A rivalry is with the Super Eagles, the Nigeria national team. The "Battle of Supremacy on the Gulf of Guinea" is between two of the "most successful teams on the African continent".[40] The proximity of the two countries to each other, a dispute between the different association football competitions and wider diplomatic competition for influence across West Africa add to this rivalry.[40][41] The match between these two countries is called the Jollof derby.[42]
The football association of Ghana (GFA) administers national teams at different levels, including 1 for the local national team. The team is restricted to players who only play in the local league, thus the Ghana Premier League. It is nicknamed Local Black Stars.[71][72][73]
The Ghana Football Association (GFA) is the governing body of association football in Ghana and it based in Accra the capital of Ghana.[2][3] Founded in 1957,[2] the Association was dissolved by the Ghanaian Minister of Sport, Isaac Kwame Asiamah, on 7th June, 2018, after the discovery of corruption in the association through investigative videos.[4] In October 2019, a new president, Kurt Okraku, was elected as the association reconvened upon the completion of the work of the FIFA Normalization Committee.[5] Mark Addo was later elected vice president in November 2019.[6] Kurt Edwin Simeon-Okraku has been re-elected as President of the Ghana Football Association during their 2023 Elective Congress in Tamale in the Northern region Ghana.[7]
Football was brought to the Gold Coast near the end of the 19th century by merchants from Europe, who had by then conquered the coastal areas and built forts and castles to facilitate trade. In their leisure time, the sailors would play football among themselves and with the indigenous people.
The popularity of the game spread quickly along the coast, culminating in the formation of the first football club, Excelsior, in 1903 by Mr. Briton, a Jamaican-born British citizen who was the then Head Teacher of Philip Quaque Government Boys School in Cape Coast. As the popularity of the game grew, other amateur clubs were formed along the coast, including: Accra Hearts of Oak, Accra Standfast, Cape Coast Venomous Vipers, Cape Coast Mysterious Dwarfs, Sekondi Hasaacas, and Sekondi Eleven Wise.
Through the 1993 Winneba Declaration, Ghanaian football was able to shrug off its amateur status. The formation of professional teams allowed clubs to be incorporated under the companies code (Act 179, 1963) as Limited liability companies.[10]
The Association was dissolved 'with immediate effect' on 7 June 2018, after undercover journalist Anas Aremeyaw Anas revealed the amount of corruption in the association and Ghanaian football in general. Referees and officials of the association were filmed taking bribes.[4][12] The Sports Minister Isaac Kwame Asiamah referred to Kwesi Nyantakyi on Accra-based JoyFM as "former president" because all arms and affiliates of the GFA stood dissolved. Due to that the 2018 Ghanaian Premier League was cancelled while FIFA banned Ghana from any international competition till further notice.[13][14] The GFA was set to reopen in August 2019.[14][15][16][17]
With regard to women's football, the Ghana Black Queens have participated in two World Cup tournaments and the Olympic Games. They have also been runners-up to the Falcons of Nigeria in the Africa Cup of Nations series.
Ten football administrators emerged as the chosen members for the 12-person Executive Council. This reconstituted council consists of distinguished representatives, including three from the Division One League, two from the Regional Association, one from Women's Football, and the remaining posts filled by members from the Premier League.
The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) issued a ruling in favor of the Ghana Football Association (GFA) in a legal dispute involving Tema Youth Football Club over the transfer of winger Joseph Paintsil to Belgian club KRC Genk. Joseph Paintsil joined KRC Genk from Tema Youth in 2018, and a dispute arose regarding the proper application of Article 33(5) C of the GFA statutes, which pertains to the payment of a percentage of training and transfer fees into a football development fund.
To answer such a question, let us draw an analogy of the happenings in the 2018 world cup. In that World Cup, Diego Maradona asserted that England win over Columbia was a "monumental robbery on the pitch and that the American referee knows a lot about baseball but has no idea about football". FIFA quickly rebutted such assertion, labeling Maradona's comment as being "inappropriate and completely unfounded".
A month after investigative journalist Anas Aremeyaw Anas laid bare allegations of corruption, match-fixing and underhand dealings in sponsorship packages, Ghana football remains at a standstill, with government and the remnants of the Ghana Football Association engaged in a battle to determine who should lead reforms.
World football governing body FIFA has put in place a two-man team to ensure Ghana does not miss out on any of it's international commitments. Dr Kofi Amoah, who headed the Local Organising Committee of the 2008 African Nations Cup, heads the committee which is also made up of GFA Technical Director Oti Akenteng.
That two-man team was as a result of a meeting between the government of Ghana and FIFA on how to reform the country's football without undue interference from government, and without affecting Ghana's immediate international football commitments.
Preparations for the Under-20 Women's World Cup and the Under-20 Africa Cup qualifier have been stalled by the confusion around football administration. Now some members of the executive committee of the GFA are threatening that clubs may not release players for national assignments.
Osei has suggested clubs could refuse to release players for international assignments if FIFA ignores the executive committee and other football executives in it's reforms, but Kudjoe Fianoo, who heads the Ghana League Clubs Association, insists that won't happen.
Members of the executive committee say any reforms won't work without their active involvement. "No-one understands the problems facing Ghana football without those who have run it," Osei adds. "We have the men capable of solving it and we want government to acknowledge that and make us a part of the solution."
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