Adım Adım Fedora
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bykisadevre
Jun 23, 2009, 7:59:30 AM6/23/09
to Fedora TURKIYE
2. Upgrade Fedora
**Note: It's always a good idea to back up all important data before
upgrading.
Fedora is using Preupgrade to easily upgrade your installation to the
new release by downloading the new packages through Internet without
having to download and burn a cd/dvd. Preupgrade resolves all
dependencies, downloads the needed packages, configures grub and
finally asks the user just to reboot to complete the upgrade. Make
sure that you have a fully updated system and after that install and
run Preupgrade by typing:
su -c 'yum update'
yum install preupgrade
preupgrade
Select Fedora 11 and after a while you'll be asked to reboot in your
upgraded Fedora 11 system!
If you were using the RPM Fusion Repository it should have been
updated to the RPM Fusion repository by now. But if you haven't done
so it will also be updated along with the whole system update.
3. Configure sudo
**Note: In my previous Fedora 6 and 7 guides I've been using sudo for
the commands that needed root access. However since many users don't
want to add their user to the sudoers I've decided to change all the
commands to the su -c 'command' way. If you want to type many commands
as root it is better to type only the first time su - and give your
root password. After that you become root until you type exit. Of
course it's up to you to configure sudo or not.
* Modifying sudoers file
Normally if you want to run a command which requires root privileges
you first have to type 'su -', type your root password and then type
the command. However you can bypass this by using the 'sudo' command.
But first you have to configure it like this:
su --login -c 'visudo'
Now go below the line:
root ALL=(ALL) ALL
press a, and type the following
username ALL=(ALL) ALL
where username is the username you use to login. Next press Escape.
Now, if you want to be prompted for your root password each time you
use the sudo command go to this line:
# %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
and with your cursor pointing on # press x
If you don't want to be prompted for your root password each time you
use the sudo command go to this line:
# %wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
and with your cursor pointing on # press x
Next, press :wq to save and exit. (type the : as well)
* Adding your user to the wheel group
Just type:
su -c 'gpasswd -a username wheel'
* Testing sudo
To test if you have done it correctly as a simple user type:
$ sudo whoami
If everything is working properly the command should return the word
'root'.
4. Configure yum
* Basic Commands
Below there are the most common commands you will use for yum,
Fedora's Package Management System. You can find a more detailed
description of those along with some more commands if you type:
yum --help
man yum
* Install an application
su -c 'yum install application_name'
* Remove an application
su -c 'yum remove application_name'
* Install an rpm from your hard disk using yum to resolve
dependencies
su -c 'yum localinstall application_name'
* Search for an application
su -c 'yum search application_name'
* Find info about an application
su -c 'yum info application_name'
* Update the whole system
su -c 'yum update'
* Enable a repository
su -c 'yum --enablerepo=repo_name'
* Disable a repository
su -c 'yum --disablerepo=repo_name'
* Importing Fedora GPG keys
Fedora has 2 basic repositories named 'fedora' and 'updates'. To use
them and not get errors about unsigned packages you must import their
GPG keys. Open a terminal and type:
su -c 'rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/*'
**Note: You will get a few error messages like "import failed" but
this is ok.
* Third party Repositories
* RPM Fusion
Fedora software repositories don't include support for MP3, DVD and
Video playback/recording because of patent licenses. For this reason
you have to install that software from third party repositories. But
don't worry, this is pretty easy! ;)
Now we are going to install the RPM Fusion Repository. RPM Fusion is a
merger of the Dribble, Freshrpms and RPM Fusion package repositories
for Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. A variety of applications is
included in that repository such as codecs for mp3 and unencrypted
DVDs, multimedia applications such as mplayer, VLX and xine and the
closed source Nvidia and ATi video drivers! RPM Fusion has two main
repositories:
• one named "free" for Open Source Software (as defined by the Fedora
Licensing Guidelines) which can't be included in Fedora because it
might be patent encumbered in the US
• one named "nonfree" for non-free software, that is everything else
which can't be in free; this includes software with public available
source-code that has "no commercial use"-like restrictions
For the rest of this guide I will assume that you have installed and
enabled the RPM Fusion Repository. If you are using Gnome (Fedora's
default Desktop Environment) you can do this with a few clicks through
Firefox. Users of KDE and kpackagekit can do this only manually
because of a bug in kpackagekit. Here are both ways to install RPM
Fusion Repository.
So if you are using Gnome just click the two links below and press
Enter a few times:
RPM Fusion free for Fedora 8, 9, 10 or 11
RPM Fusion nonfree for Fedora 8, 9, 10 or 11
If you are using KDE open a terminal and type:
su -
rpm -ivh \
http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh \
http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm
yum update
If you get an error message like this "Public key for rpmfusion-
nonfree-release-11-1.noarch.rpm is not installed" while trying to
install a package from RPMFusion repository you have to import the GPG
keys first. Open a terminal and type:
su -c 'rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmfusion-*'
You will get a few failure messages but this is ok.
* Adobe
The Adobe repository provides flash and acrobat reader packages for
the x86 Fedora. To install it type:
su -
rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/linux/i386/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux
It will be automatically enabled.
* Google
Well, it has only picasa but for those who need it install it by
typing:
su -
wget https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub
rpm --import linux_signing_key.pub
rm linux_signing_key.pub
gedit /etc/yum.repos.d/google.repo
Depending on your architecture paste the following lines:
[google]
name=Google - i386
baseurl=http://dl.google.com/linux/rpm/stable/i386
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
[google64]
name=Google - x86_64
baseurl=http://dl.google.com/linux/rpm/stable/x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
* Graphical Interface for yum
If you don't like typing commands in your console you can use Fedora's
Graphical interface for yum. You can find it under System ->
Administration -> Add/Remove Software.
You can also install yumex for this reason.
su -c 'yum install yumex'
* Configure yum through Proxy
If you are behind an http proxy server and you want yum to connect to
the internet through that proxy open a terminal and type:
su -c 'gedit /etc/yum.conf'
Add this line in the yum configuration
proxy=http://ip:port/
where ip is your proxy's ip address and port is the port the proxy
listens to. Don't forget the / after the port number. Save and exit.
* Yum plugins
* Presto Plugin
The presto plugin provides faster, smaller size downloads to Fedora
users. It downloads only the part of the rpm that has been updated and
not the whole package. Presto is ofedora_firefoxicially included in
the Fedora 11 release and I recommend to use it! Just a notice. If you
have let's say version N of an rpm installed and you miss the N+1
installation presto can't take you directly to N+2. In this case you
will have to download the whole rpm. But this shouldn't bother you.
Yum will take care of everything. To install it type:
su -c 'yum install yum-presto'
* Fastest Mirror Plugin
Exactly what its name says. This plugin searches for the fastest
mirror in your mirrorlist and downloads all packages from it. To
install it type:
su -c 'yum install yum-fastestmirror'
Now, just use yum as usual. You can configure various settings of this
plugin in the file:
su -c 'gedit /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf'
* Security Plugin
This plugin allows you to search and install only security related
updates. Very useful if you have Fedora installed on a Server
production mode. To install it type:
su -c 'yum install yum-security'
To apply security plugins type:
su -c 'yum --security update'
For more information and additional options such as bugzilla updates
and advisory information read its manual:
man yum-security
* Allowdowngrade Plugin
Yum by default doesn't allow you to downgrade a package. However
sometimes a new package may cause you problems. In that case you can
downgrade to the previous working version of the package with this
plugin. To install it type:
su -c 'yum install yum-allowdowngrade'
To use it type:
su -c 'yum update --allow-downgrade'
You can disable this plugin by changing the option enabled in the
file:
su -c 'gedit /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/allowdowngrade.conf'
6. Installing video drivers
**Note: To install the following packages you must have the RPM Fusion
Repository enabled as described in Install RPM Fusion Repository .
* Installing nVidia driver
Fedora 11 uses the open source nouveau driver for nvidia cards. This
might be enough for you depending on your needs. However if you want
to have 3D support in Fedora 11 you must install the binary nvidia
drivers. Just type:
For GeForce 6, 7, 8, 9 & 200 series cards
su -c 'yum install akmod-nvidia xorg-x11-drv-nvidia xorg-x11-drv-
nvidia-libs'
For GeForce FX cards
su -c 'yum install kmod-nvidia-173xx xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-173xx \
xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-173xx-libs'
For GeForce 4 and below
su -c 'yum install kmod-nvidia-96xx xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-96xx \
xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-96xx-libs'
Unsuported Nvidia Cards
RIVA TNT
RIVA TNT2/TNT2 Pro
RIVA TNT2 Ultra
Vanta/Vanta LT
RIVA TNT2 Model 64/Model 64 Pro
Aladdin TNT2
GeForce 256
GeForce DDR
Quadro
GeForce2 GTS/GeForce2 Pro
GeForce2 Ti
GeForce2 Ultra
Quadro2 Pro
Reboot and you should see the Nvidia logo in your screen.
If the nouveau driver module stops the nvidia module from being loaded
you have to blacklist it like this:
su -c 'gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist'
And paste the following lines in there:
#Video drivers
blacklist nouveau
* Installing ATi driver
Since the ATi kernel module won't built with the 2.6.29 kernel that
Fedora 11 uses, currently there are no fglrx drivers available from
RPMFusion. RPMFusion is going to wait for ATi to 2.6.29 support since
all the available pathces aren't satisfactory.
7. Install Microsoft fonts
Fedora uses Liberation and DejaVu fonts which are installed by default
and look pretty smooth and nice, plus they are open source.
If you insist on using the Microsoft fonts you can download and
install the msttcorefonts rpm like this.
wget http://www.my-guides.net/en/images/stories/fedora11/msttcore-fonts-2.0-2.noarch.rpm
su -c 'rpm -ivh msttcore-fonts-2.0-2.noarch.rpm'
I built it myself using the msttcore-fonts-2.0-2.spec from Fedora-
devel mailing list which unlike msttcore-fonts-2.0-1.spec doesn't
require installing the xfs server. Therefore is ideal for Fedora 8, 9
and 10. It includes Arial, Andale, Comic Sans, Courier New, Georgia,
Impact, Tahoma, Times, Trebuchet MS, Verdana and Webdings fonts.
The procedure just in case you want to build it yourself is the
following.
su -c 'yum install rpmdevtools rpm-build cabextract ttmkfdir'
rpmdev-setuptree
cd ~/rpmbuild/SPECS/
wget http://www.my-guides.net/en/images/stories/fedora11/msttcore-fonts-2.0-2.spec
rpmbuild -bb msttcore-fonts-2.0-2.spec
cd ~/rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/
su -c 'rpm -ivh msttcore-fonts-2.0-2.noarch.rpm'
Open Terminal here
It's very useful to have an 'Open Terminal here' command to easily
open a folder in terminal while you are browsing it in Nautilus. To do
so type:
su -c 'yum install nautilus-open-terminal'
log out and then log in, right click in a Nautilus window and you'll
see the command 'Open In Terminal'.
* Add keyboard layout in Gnome
If you are from a non English speaking country you might want to add
your country's keyboard layout. Go to System -> Preferences ->
Keyboard -> Layouts tab and press the Add button.
. Configure Firefox
* Acrobat Plugin
To be able to view pdf documents through Firefox you must have adobe
acrobat reader installed as described in Fedora Acrobat Reader.
* Flash Plugin
Fedora 32bit
First you must install the adobe repository as described in Fedora
Adobe Repository.
Now install the flash player plugin like this:
yum install flash-plugin
* Video Playback Plugin
Fedora 11 has totem-mozplugin preinstalled. Try to open a wmp video
with Firefox. In case additional plugins are needed you will be just
prompted to install them! That's just a great improvement!
However SELinux might cause you problems if you have it enabled. The
good news are that it is also telling you exactly what command to type
to solve this problem. I had to type the following commands to make
a .wmp to be played in Firefox, but finally I made it!
su -
chcon -t textrel_shlib_t '/usr/lib/sse2/libx264.so.61'
chcon -t textrel_shlib_t '/usr/lib/sse2/libavformat.so.52.22.1'
chcon -t textrel_shlib_t '/usr/lib/sse2/libavutil.so.49.10.0'
chcon -t textrel_shlib_t '/usr/lib/sse2/libavcodec.so.51.71.0'
chcon -t textrel_shlib_t '/usr/lib/sse2/libpostproc.so.51.2.0'
* java Plugin
Fedora 11 uses openjdk java and it runs pretty good. If you don't have
it installed read Install Fedora OpenJDK. However you can always
install JAVA SUN JRE .
* mms streaming play
In the address bar type:
about:config
Right click somewhere and select NEW and then STRING. Type this in the
box:
network.protocol-handler.app.mms
Click ok and in the box type the program you want to open the
streaming media with, such as /usr/bin/mplayer.
Next right click again and select NEW and then BOOLEAN. Type this in
the box:
network.protocol-handler.external.mms
Click ok and then type:
true
* Set backspace button
By default in Fedora's Firefox when you press the backspace button it
does nothing. If you want backspace to take you to the previous page
type in the address bar:
about:config
and in Filter box type:
browser.backspace_action
Right click on it, select Modify and change its value from 2 to 0.
Restart Firefox and the backspace will be set.
* IPv6
You might notice that your browsing through Firefox is a little slow
on Fedora 11. This is because Firefox 3 has enabled by default IPv6
which causes Firefox to first resolve an IPv6 address and after the
connection fails it switches to IPv4. To change this setting type:
about:config
and in Filter box type:
network.dns.disableIPv6
Right click on it, select Toggle and change its value to true. Restart
Firefox and you are ready!
10. Configure e-mail client
Fedora 11 has evolution as the default e-mail client. Of course you
can install Thunderbird if you prefer it. Just type:
su -c 'yum install thunderbird'
11. MP3 and Audio players
* Rhythmbox
I believe that Rhythmbox is a better mp3 player than the default Totem
for Gnome users. You can find it under Applications -> Sound & Video -
> Rhythmbox Music Player. If you don't have it, to install it type:
su -c 'yum install gstreamer rhythmbox'
To make all mp3 files open by default with Rhytmbox right click on an
mp3 file and select 'Open with Other Application...'. Click on
Rhytmbox Music Player and you're done.
To add mp3 and other audio support type:
su -c 'yum install gstreamer-plugins-good gstreamer-plugins-bad
gstreamer-plugins-ugly'
* Amarok
amaroK is an excellent audio/mp3 player for KDE. Of course you can
install it under Gnome or any other Desktop Environment too. To
install it and add mp3 support type:
su -c 'yum install amarok phonon-backend-gstreamer'
* Exaile
Exaile is similar to Amarok but it's based on GTK+ toolkit. Therefore
it's a good solution for Gnome users! To install it type:
su -c 'yum install exaile gstreamer-plugins-good \
gstreamer-plugins-bad gstreamer-plugins-ugly'
* Audacious
Audacious is another audio player similar to old winamp 2.x. To
install it type:
su -c 'yum install audacious audacious-plugins'
If you want to use your winamp 2.x skin with audacious simply copy
winamp's *.wsz skin to
/usr/share/audacious/Skins/
If your tags are in a different encoding than utf8 you can force
audacious to use it:
Preferences -> Playlist -> Metadata -> Fallback character encoding ->
iso8859-7
If you want to add in queue mp3s when double clicked edit this file:
su -c 'gedit /usr/share/applications/fedora-audacious.desktop'
And change Exec=audacious to Exec=audacious -e
* XMMS
This audio player is no longer used, you could try audacious instead,
but if you still want it type:
su -c 'yum install xmms xmms-libs xmms-mp3'
12. DVD & Video
**Note: To install many of the following packages you must have the
RPM Fusion Repository enabled as described here . If you have most
probably you will prompted to search automatically for the needed
codecs. They will automatically installed. As simple as that!
* DVD playback
In order to play DVDs you must install the appropriate codecs.
su -c 'yum install libdvdread libdvdnav lsdvd'
Those files are enough for playing your non encrypted DVDs. However if
you want to decrypt an encrypted DVD you need libdvdcss which isn't
included in RPM Fusion because of legal issues in some countries such
as the US. As mentioned in RPM Fusion .
Opinions between the members of RPM Ffusion differ on the legality of
libdvdcss, however no one is ready to vouch for it resuming the legal
responsibilities.
Therefore libdvdcss is being dropped. See also the comments on legal
issues in the link above.
**Note: Instead you can use Livna for installing libdvdcss.
su -
rpm -Uvh http://rpm.livna.org/livna-release.rpm
yum install libdvdcss
* Video files playback
When you will try to open a video file with Totem media player it will
ask you to search for the necessary codecs. They will be automatically
installed! If you have previously set up mp3 playback additional
packages would have been installed as dependencies. These packages
include video codecs such as xvidcore, ffmpeg and other.
To check some of them type:
su -c 'yum install ffmpeg ffmpeg-libs gstreamer-ffmpeg libmatroska
xvidcore'
* Totem
Fedora 11 has installed Totem Movie Player. If you want to play DVD
files also with totem type:
su -c 'yum install totem-xine xine-lib xine-lib-extras-freeworld'
* Mplayer/SMPlayer
I prefer mplayer and smplayer (mplayer's GUI) for video playback. It
supports almost any video type, external subtitles as well as DVD
playback as long as you have the needed codecs installed as shown
previously.
su -c 'yum install mplayer smplayer'
Open smplayer from Applications -> Sound & Video -> SMPlayer
* VLC
VLC (Video Lan Client) supports almost any video type without the need
of installing external codecs.
su -c 'yum install vlc'
* kaffeine
kaffeine is another KDE media player that uses the xine engine.
su -c 'yum install kaffeine xine xine-lib xine-lib-extras-freeworld'
* RealPlayer
You can download RealPlayer rpm from here . Just choose to open it
with the Package Installer. If this fails to install it manually open
a terminal, go the directory you downloaded it and type:
su -c 'rpm -Uvh RealPlayer11GOLD.rpm --nodeps'
* Avidemux
Avidemux is a very good video editor. Install it like this:
su -c 'yum install avidemux'
13. IRC Clients
* Konversation
A Qt based IRC client for KDE users
su -c 'yum install konversation'
* xchat
A gtk+ based IRC client for GNOME users
su -c 'yum install xchat'
You will find it under Applications -> Internet -> IRC
14. MSN Messenger Clients
Use an Instant Messenger to communicate with your friends. Ok, you all
know what Instant Messengers are. Aparth from those above you can also
read my 6 Best Linux Instant Messengers tutorial.
* Empathy
Empathy supports many different networks such as Jabber, Salut, Google
Talk, AIM, Gadu Gadu, GroupWise, ICQ, MSN, QQ and Yahoo. It's in
Applications -> Internet -> Empathy Instant Messenger. If it's not
there install it by typing:
su -c 'yum install empathy empathy-libs'
* Pidgin
Pidgin is the default IM client of Fedora 11. If you don't have it
intalled just type:
su -c 'yum install pidgin'
* Kopete
Kopete is KDE's IM client. If you are a Gnome user it will download a
lot of KDE packages and other utilities so be prepared. Install it by
typing:
su -c 'yum install kdenetwork'
* aMSN
Another pretty good IM is amsn. It has plugin support also.
su -c 'yum install amsn amsn-plugins'
You will find it under Applications -> Internet -> aMSN
* Emesene
You could also try Emesene.
su -c 'yum install emesene'
15. Author, Burn and BackUp CD/DVDs
* Sound-Juicer
Sound Juicer is a CD ripping tool. It supports flac, oga, mp3, wav and
spx output formats. It is installed by default and you can find it
under Applications -> Sound & Video -> Audio CD Extractor. If it's not
there install it with:
su -c 'yum install sound-juicer'
* Brasero
Brasero is the default Fedora 11 CD/DVD disc authoring tool for the
Gnome desktop.
su -c 'yum install brasero'
* GnomeBaker
A CD/DVD burning utility for GNOME.
su -c 'yum install gnomebaker'
It's under Applications -> Sound & Video -> CD/DVD Writer GnomeBaker.
* k3b
Probably the best Linux CD/DVD burning program. It comes along with a
lot of KDE dependencies if you are using GNOME.
su -c 'yum install k3b'
To enable all encoding features and programs for k3b type:
su -c 'yum install k3b-extras-freeworld vcdimager normalize transcode
lame lame-libs'
* k9copy
K9copy is the linux version of DVDshrink.
su -c 'yum install k9copy'
su -c 'yum install libdvdread libdvdnav lsdvd'
* DeVeDe
DeVeDe is a very good dvd authoring tool. It allows you to convert any
type of video format to DVD so that you can watch it in any player you
like.
su -c 'yum install devede'
For those who would like more info I have written a guide on How to
create a custom DVD using DeVeDe .
* dvd::rip
DVD::rip is an utility for ripping your DVDs in Linux
su -c 'yum install dvdrip'
6. Download managers
If you don't want to use Firefox's default download manager you can
try the following download managers. In case you want to easily
download rapidshare files with your Premium Account you can check my
guide
su -c 'yum install wxdfast'
* kget
This is KDE's default download manager. if you are using GNOME you
will have to download a lot of dependencies and KDE libraries, so
you'd better not use it.
su -c 'yum install kdenetwork'
17. PDF Readers
* evince
The default pdf viewer for Fedora is Evince. If it's not installed
type:
su -c 'yum install evince evince-djvu evince-dvi'
* acrobatreader
First you must install the adobe repository.
Open a terminal and type:
su -c 'yum install AdobeReader_enu'
enu stands for the English package. To search for other languages
type:
su -c 'yum search AdobeReader'
18. Torrent Clients
* Transmission
Fedora 11 comes with Transmission as a default torrent client. You can
find it under Applications -> Internet -> Transmission or in case you
don't have it installed type:
su -c 'yum install transmission'
* KTorrent
ktorrent is an alternative torrent client for KDE users.
su -c 'yum install ktorrent'
* qBittorent
qBittorent is a featureful, lightweight torrent client based on QT4
toolkit. You must install an additional repository since it isn't
included still in any of the other fedora repositories.
su -c
rpm -ivh \
http://www.dfm.uninsubria.it/compiz/fusion-testing/qbittorrent/11\
/i386/qbittorrent-release-1-1.noarch.rpm
yum install qbittorrent
It has x86_64 packages also. Just type the same commands as above
replacing i386 with x86_64.
* Bittorrent
You could also try bittorrent
su -c 'yum install bittorrent bittorrent-gui'
* Deluge
Deluge is a lightweight, Free Software, cross-platform BitTorrent
client.
su -c 'yum install deluge'
* Azureus
Azureus is a powerful torrent meta-search with login support for
private trackers. It's now called Vuze and has reached version 4.
However in Fedora repositories you will find only Azureus version 3.
Install it like this.
su -c 'yum install azureus'
**Note: It's always a good idea to back up all important data before
upgrading.
Fedora is using Preupgrade to easily upgrade your installation to the
new release by downloading the new packages through Internet without
having to download and burn a cd/dvd. Preupgrade resolves all
dependencies, downloads the needed packages, configures grub and
finally asks the user just to reboot to complete the upgrade. Make
sure that you have a fully updated system and after that install and
run Preupgrade by typing:
su -c 'yum update'
yum install preupgrade
preupgrade
Select Fedora 11 and after a while you'll be asked to reboot in your
upgraded Fedora 11 system!
If you were using the RPM Fusion Repository it should have been
updated to the RPM Fusion repository by now. But if you haven't done
so it will also be updated along with the whole system update.
3. Configure sudo
**Note: In my previous Fedora 6 and 7 guides I've been using sudo for
the commands that needed root access. However since many users don't
want to add their user to the sudoers I've decided to change all the
commands to the su -c 'command' way. If you want to type many commands
as root it is better to type only the first time su - and give your
root password. After that you become root until you type exit. Of
course it's up to you to configure sudo or not.
* Modifying sudoers file
Normally if you want to run a command which requires root privileges
you first have to type 'su -', type your root password and then type
the command. However you can bypass this by using the 'sudo' command.
But first you have to configure it like this:
su --login -c 'visudo'
Now go below the line:
root ALL=(ALL) ALL
press a, and type the following
username ALL=(ALL) ALL
where username is the username you use to login. Next press Escape.
Now, if you want to be prompted for your root password each time you
use the sudo command go to this line:
# %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
and with your cursor pointing on # press x
If you don't want to be prompted for your root password each time you
use the sudo command go to this line:
# %wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
and with your cursor pointing on # press x
Next, press :wq to save and exit. (type the : as well)
* Adding your user to the wheel group
Just type:
su -c 'gpasswd -a username wheel'
* Testing sudo
To test if you have done it correctly as a simple user type:
$ sudo whoami
If everything is working properly the command should return the word
'root'.
4. Configure yum
* Basic Commands
Below there are the most common commands you will use for yum,
Fedora's Package Management System. You can find a more detailed
description of those along with some more commands if you type:
yum --help
man yum
* Install an application
su -c 'yum install application_name'
* Remove an application
su -c 'yum remove application_name'
* Install an rpm from your hard disk using yum to resolve
dependencies
su -c 'yum localinstall application_name'
* Search for an application
su -c 'yum search application_name'
* Find info about an application
su -c 'yum info application_name'
* Update the whole system
su -c 'yum update'
* Enable a repository
su -c 'yum --enablerepo=repo_name'
* Disable a repository
su -c 'yum --disablerepo=repo_name'
* Importing Fedora GPG keys
Fedora has 2 basic repositories named 'fedora' and 'updates'. To use
them and not get errors about unsigned packages you must import their
GPG keys. Open a terminal and type:
su -c 'rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/*'
**Note: You will get a few error messages like "import failed" but
this is ok.
* Third party Repositories
* RPM Fusion
Fedora software repositories don't include support for MP3, DVD and
Video playback/recording because of patent licenses. For this reason
you have to install that software from third party repositories. But
don't worry, this is pretty easy! ;)
Now we are going to install the RPM Fusion Repository. RPM Fusion is a
merger of the Dribble, Freshrpms and RPM Fusion package repositories
for Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. A variety of applications is
included in that repository such as codecs for mp3 and unencrypted
DVDs, multimedia applications such as mplayer, VLX and xine and the
closed source Nvidia and ATi video drivers! RPM Fusion has two main
repositories:
• one named "free" for Open Source Software (as defined by the Fedora
Licensing Guidelines) which can't be included in Fedora because it
might be patent encumbered in the US
• one named "nonfree" for non-free software, that is everything else
which can't be in free; this includes software with public available
source-code that has "no commercial use"-like restrictions
For the rest of this guide I will assume that you have installed and
enabled the RPM Fusion Repository. If you are using Gnome (Fedora's
default Desktop Environment) you can do this with a few clicks through
Firefox. Users of KDE and kpackagekit can do this only manually
because of a bug in kpackagekit. Here are both ways to install RPM
Fusion Repository.
So if you are using Gnome just click the two links below and press
Enter a few times:
RPM Fusion free for Fedora 8, 9, 10 or 11
RPM Fusion nonfree for Fedora 8, 9, 10 or 11
If you are using KDE open a terminal and type:
su -
rpm -ivh \
http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh \
http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm
yum update
If you get an error message like this "Public key for rpmfusion-
nonfree-release-11-1.noarch.rpm is not installed" while trying to
install a package from RPMFusion repository you have to import the GPG
keys first. Open a terminal and type:
su -c 'rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmfusion-*'
You will get a few failure messages but this is ok.
* Adobe
The Adobe repository provides flash and acrobat reader packages for
the x86 Fedora. To install it type:
su -
rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/linux/i386/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-adobe-linux
It will be automatically enabled.
Well, it has only picasa but for those who need it install it by
typing:
su -
wget https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub
rpm --import linux_signing_key.pub
rm linux_signing_key.pub
gedit /etc/yum.repos.d/google.repo
Depending on your architecture paste the following lines:
[google]
name=Google - i386
baseurl=http://dl.google.com/linux/rpm/stable/i386
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
[google64]
name=Google - x86_64
baseurl=http://dl.google.com/linux/rpm/stable/x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
* Graphical Interface for yum
If you don't like typing commands in your console you can use Fedora's
Graphical interface for yum. You can find it under System ->
Administration -> Add/Remove Software.
You can also install yumex for this reason.
su -c 'yum install yumex'
* Configure yum through Proxy
If you are behind an http proxy server and you want yum to connect to
the internet through that proxy open a terminal and type:
su -c 'gedit /etc/yum.conf'
Add this line in the yum configuration
proxy=http://ip:port/
where ip is your proxy's ip address and port is the port the proxy
listens to. Don't forget the / after the port number. Save and exit.
* Yum plugins
* Presto Plugin
The presto plugin provides faster, smaller size downloads to Fedora
users. It downloads only the part of the rpm that has been updated and
not the whole package. Presto is ofedora_firefoxicially included in
the Fedora 11 release and I recommend to use it! Just a notice. If you
have let's say version N of an rpm installed and you miss the N+1
installation presto can't take you directly to N+2. In this case you
will have to download the whole rpm. But this shouldn't bother you.
Yum will take care of everything. To install it type:
su -c 'yum install yum-presto'
* Fastest Mirror Plugin
Exactly what its name says. This plugin searches for the fastest
mirror in your mirrorlist and downloads all packages from it. To
install it type:
su -c 'yum install yum-fastestmirror'
Now, just use yum as usual. You can configure various settings of this
plugin in the file:
su -c 'gedit /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf'
* Security Plugin
This plugin allows you to search and install only security related
updates. Very useful if you have Fedora installed on a Server
production mode. To install it type:
su -c 'yum install yum-security'
To apply security plugins type:
su -c 'yum --security update'
For more information and additional options such as bugzilla updates
and advisory information read its manual:
man yum-security
* Allowdowngrade Plugin
Yum by default doesn't allow you to downgrade a package. However
sometimes a new package may cause you problems. In that case you can
downgrade to the previous working version of the package with this
plugin. To install it type:
su -c 'yum install yum-allowdowngrade'
To use it type:
su -c 'yum update --allow-downgrade'
You can disable this plugin by changing the option enabled in the
file:
su -c 'gedit /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/allowdowngrade.conf'
6. Installing video drivers
**Note: To install the following packages you must have the RPM Fusion
Repository enabled as described in Install RPM Fusion Repository .
* Installing nVidia driver
Fedora 11 uses the open source nouveau driver for nvidia cards. This
might be enough for you depending on your needs. However if you want
to have 3D support in Fedora 11 you must install the binary nvidia
drivers. Just type:
For GeForce 6, 7, 8, 9 & 200 series cards
su -c 'yum install akmod-nvidia xorg-x11-drv-nvidia xorg-x11-drv-
nvidia-libs'
For GeForce FX cards
su -c 'yum install kmod-nvidia-173xx xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-173xx \
xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-173xx-libs'
For GeForce 4 and below
su -c 'yum install kmod-nvidia-96xx xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-96xx \
xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-96xx-libs'
Unsuported Nvidia Cards
RIVA TNT
RIVA TNT2/TNT2 Pro
RIVA TNT2 Ultra
Vanta/Vanta LT
RIVA TNT2 Model 64/Model 64 Pro
Aladdin TNT2
GeForce 256
GeForce DDR
Quadro
GeForce2 GTS/GeForce2 Pro
GeForce2 Ti
GeForce2 Ultra
Quadro2 Pro
Reboot and you should see the Nvidia logo in your screen.
If the nouveau driver module stops the nvidia module from being loaded
you have to blacklist it like this:
su -c 'gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist'
And paste the following lines in there:
#Video drivers
blacklist nouveau
* Installing ATi driver
Since the ATi kernel module won't built with the 2.6.29 kernel that
Fedora 11 uses, currently there are no fglrx drivers available from
RPMFusion. RPMFusion is going to wait for ATi to 2.6.29 support since
all the available pathces aren't satisfactory.
7. Install Microsoft fonts
Fedora uses Liberation and DejaVu fonts which are installed by default
and look pretty smooth and nice, plus they are open source.
If you insist on using the Microsoft fonts you can download and
install the msttcorefonts rpm like this.
wget http://www.my-guides.net/en/images/stories/fedora11/msttcore-fonts-2.0-2.noarch.rpm
su -c 'rpm -ivh msttcore-fonts-2.0-2.noarch.rpm'
I built it myself using the msttcore-fonts-2.0-2.spec from Fedora-
devel mailing list which unlike msttcore-fonts-2.0-1.spec doesn't
require installing the xfs server. Therefore is ideal for Fedora 8, 9
and 10. It includes Arial, Andale, Comic Sans, Courier New, Georgia,
Impact, Tahoma, Times, Trebuchet MS, Verdana and Webdings fonts.
The procedure just in case you want to build it yourself is the
following.
su -c 'yum install rpmdevtools rpm-build cabextract ttmkfdir'
rpmdev-setuptree
cd ~/rpmbuild/SPECS/
wget http://www.my-guides.net/en/images/stories/fedora11/msttcore-fonts-2.0-2.spec
rpmbuild -bb msttcore-fonts-2.0-2.spec
cd ~/rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/
su -c 'rpm -ivh msttcore-fonts-2.0-2.noarch.rpm'
Open Terminal here
It's very useful to have an 'Open Terminal here' command to easily
open a folder in terminal while you are browsing it in Nautilus. To do
so type:
su -c 'yum install nautilus-open-terminal'
log out and then log in, right click in a Nautilus window and you'll
see the command 'Open In Terminal'.
* Add keyboard layout in Gnome
If you are from a non English speaking country you might want to add
your country's keyboard layout. Go to System -> Preferences ->
Keyboard -> Layouts tab and press the Add button.
. Configure Firefox
* Acrobat Plugin
To be able to view pdf documents through Firefox you must have adobe
acrobat reader installed as described in Fedora Acrobat Reader.
* Flash Plugin
Fedora 32bit
First you must install the adobe repository as described in Fedora
Adobe Repository.
Now install the flash player plugin like this:
yum install flash-plugin
* Video Playback Plugin
Fedora 11 has totem-mozplugin preinstalled. Try to open a wmp video
with Firefox. In case additional plugins are needed you will be just
prompted to install them! That's just a great improvement!
However SELinux might cause you problems if you have it enabled. The
good news are that it is also telling you exactly what command to type
to solve this problem. I had to type the following commands to make
a .wmp to be played in Firefox, but finally I made it!
su -
chcon -t textrel_shlib_t '/usr/lib/sse2/libx264.so.61'
chcon -t textrel_shlib_t '/usr/lib/sse2/libavformat.so.52.22.1'
chcon -t textrel_shlib_t '/usr/lib/sse2/libavutil.so.49.10.0'
chcon -t textrel_shlib_t '/usr/lib/sse2/libavcodec.so.51.71.0'
chcon -t textrel_shlib_t '/usr/lib/sse2/libpostproc.so.51.2.0'
* java Plugin
Fedora 11 uses openjdk java and it runs pretty good. If you don't have
it installed read Install Fedora OpenJDK. However you can always
install JAVA SUN JRE .
* mms streaming play
In the address bar type:
about:config
Right click somewhere and select NEW and then STRING. Type this in the
box:
network.protocol-handler.app.mms
Click ok and in the box type the program you want to open the
streaming media with, such as /usr/bin/mplayer.
Next right click again and select NEW and then BOOLEAN. Type this in
the box:
network.protocol-handler.external.mms
Click ok and then type:
true
* Set backspace button
By default in Fedora's Firefox when you press the backspace button it
does nothing. If you want backspace to take you to the previous page
type in the address bar:
about:config
and in Filter box type:
browser.backspace_action
Right click on it, select Modify and change its value from 2 to 0.
Restart Firefox and the backspace will be set.
* IPv6
You might notice that your browsing through Firefox is a little slow
on Fedora 11. This is because Firefox 3 has enabled by default IPv6
which causes Firefox to first resolve an IPv6 address and after the
connection fails it switches to IPv4. To change this setting type:
about:config
and in Filter box type:
network.dns.disableIPv6
Right click on it, select Toggle and change its value to true. Restart
Firefox and you are ready!
10. Configure e-mail client
Fedora 11 has evolution as the default e-mail client. Of course you
can install Thunderbird if you prefer it. Just type:
su -c 'yum install thunderbird'
11. MP3 and Audio players
* Rhythmbox
I believe that Rhythmbox is a better mp3 player than the default Totem
for Gnome users. You can find it under Applications -> Sound & Video -
> Rhythmbox Music Player. If you don't have it, to install it type:
su -c 'yum install gstreamer rhythmbox'
To make all mp3 files open by default with Rhytmbox right click on an
mp3 file and select 'Open with Other Application...'. Click on
Rhytmbox Music Player and you're done.
To add mp3 and other audio support type:
su -c 'yum install gstreamer-plugins-good gstreamer-plugins-bad
gstreamer-plugins-ugly'
* Amarok
amaroK is an excellent audio/mp3 player for KDE. Of course you can
install it under Gnome or any other Desktop Environment too. To
install it and add mp3 support type:
su -c 'yum install amarok phonon-backend-gstreamer'
* Exaile
Exaile is similar to Amarok but it's based on GTK+ toolkit. Therefore
it's a good solution for Gnome users! To install it type:
su -c 'yum install exaile gstreamer-plugins-good \
gstreamer-plugins-bad gstreamer-plugins-ugly'
* Audacious
Audacious is another audio player similar to old winamp 2.x. To
install it type:
su -c 'yum install audacious audacious-plugins'
If you want to use your winamp 2.x skin with audacious simply copy
winamp's *.wsz skin to
/usr/share/audacious/Skins/
If your tags are in a different encoding than utf8 you can force
audacious to use it:
Preferences -> Playlist -> Metadata -> Fallback character encoding ->
iso8859-7
If you want to add in queue mp3s when double clicked edit this file:
su -c 'gedit /usr/share/applications/fedora-audacious.desktop'
And change Exec=audacious to Exec=audacious -e
* XMMS
This audio player is no longer used, you could try audacious instead,
but if you still want it type:
su -c 'yum install xmms xmms-libs xmms-mp3'
12. DVD & Video
**Note: To install many of the following packages you must have the
RPM Fusion Repository enabled as described here . If you have most
probably you will prompted to search automatically for the needed
codecs. They will automatically installed. As simple as that!
* DVD playback
In order to play DVDs you must install the appropriate codecs.
su -c 'yum install libdvdread libdvdnav lsdvd'
Those files are enough for playing your non encrypted DVDs. However if
you want to decrypt an encrypted DVD you need libdvdcss which isn't
included in RPM Fusion because of legal issues in some countries such
as the US. As mentioned in RPM Fusion .
Opinions between the members of RPM Ffusion differ on the legality of
libdvdcss, however no one is ready to vouch for it resuming the legal
responsibilities.
Therefore libdvdcss is being dropped. See also the comments on legal
issues in the link above.
**Note: Instead you can use Livna for installing libdvdcss.
su -
rpm -Uvh http://rpm.livna.org/livna-release.rpm
yum install libdvdcss
* Video files playback
When you will try to open a video file with Totem media player it will
ask you to search for the necessary codecs. They will be automatically
installed! If you have previously set up mp3 playback additional
packages would have been installed as dependencies. These packages
include video codecs such as xvidcore, ffmpeg and other.
To check some of them type:
su -c 'yum install ffmpeg ffmpeg-libs gstreamer-ffmpeg libmatroska
xvidcore'
* Totem
Fedora 11 has installed Totem Movie Player. If you want to play DVD
files also with totem type:
su -c 'yum install totem-xine xine-lib xine-lib-extras-freeworld'
* Mplayer/SMPlayer
I prefer mplayer and smplayer (mplayer's GUI) for video playback. It
supports almost any video type, external subtitles as well as DVD
playback as long as you have the needed codecs installed as shown
previously.
su -c 'yum install mplayer smplayer'
Open smplayer from Applications -> Sound & Video -> SMPlayer
* VLC
VLC (Video Lan Client) supports almost any video type without the need
of installing external codecs.
su -c 'yum install vlc'
* kaffeine
kaffeine is another KDE media player that uses the xine engine.
su -c 'yum install kaffeine xine xine-lib xine-lib-extras-freeworld'
* RealPlayer
You can download RealPlayer rpm from here . Just choose to open it
with the Package Installer. If this fails to install it manually open
a terminal, go the directory you downloaded it and type:
su -c 'rpm -Uvh RealPlayer11GOLD.rpm --nodeps'
* Avidemux
Avidemux is a very good video editor. Install it like this:
su -c 'yum install avidemux'
13. IRC Clients
* Konversation
A Qt based IRC client for KDE users
su -c 'yum install konversation'
* xchat
A gtk+ based IRC client for GNOME users
su -c 'yum install xchat'
You will find it under Applications -> Internet -> IRC
14. MSN Messenger Clients
Use an Instant Messenger to communicate with your friends. Ok, you all
know what Instant Messengers are. Aparth from those above you can also
read my 6 Best Linux Instant Messengers tutorial.
* Empathy
Empathy supports many different networks such as Jabber, Salut, Google
Talk, AIM, Gadu Gadu, GroupWise, ICQ, MSN, QQ and Yahoo. It's in
Applications -> Internet -> Empathy Instant Messenger. If it's not
there install it by typing:
su -c 'yum install empathy empathy-libs'
* Pidgin
Pidgin is the default IM client of Fedora 11. If you don't have it
intalled just type:
su -c 'yum install pidgin'
* Kopete
Kopete is KDE's IM client. If you are a Gnome user it will download a
lot of KDE packages and other utilities so be prepared. Install it by
typing:
su -c 'yum install kdenetwork'
* aMSN
Another pretty good IM is amsn. It has plugin support also.
su -c 'yum install amsn amsn-plugins'
You will find it under Applications -> Internet -> aMSN
* Emesene
You could also try Emesene.
su -c 'yum install emesene'
15. Author, Burn and BackUp CD/DVDs
* Sound-Juicer
Sound Juicer is a CD ripping tool. It supports flac, oga, mp3, wav and
spx output formats. It is installed by default and you can find it
under Applications -> Sound & Video -> Audio CD Extractor. If it's not
there install it with:
su -c 'yum install sound-juicer'
* Brasero
Brasero is the default Fedora 11 CD/DVD disc authoring tool for the
Gnome desktop.
su -c 'yum install brasero'
* GnomeBaker
A CD/DVD burning utility for GNOME.
su -c 'yum install gnomebaker'
It's under Applications -> Sound & Video -> CD/DVD Writer GnomeBaker.
* k3b
Probably the best Linux CD/DVD burning program. It comes along with a
lot of KDE dependencies if you are using GNOME.
su -c 'yum install k3b'
To enable all encoding features and programs for k3b type:
su -c 'yum install k3b-extras-freeworld vcdimager normalize transcode
lame lame-libs'
* k9copy
K9copy is the linux version of DVDshrink.
su -c 'yum install k9copy'
su -c 'yum install libdvdread libdvdnav lsdvd'
* DeVeDe
DeVeDe is a very good dvd authoring tool. It allows you to convert any
type of video format to DVD so that you can watch it in any player you
like.
su -c 'yum install devede'
For those who would like more info I have written a guide on How to
create a custom DVD using DeVeDe .
* dvd::rip
DVD::rip is an utility for ripping your DVDs in Linux
su -c 'yum install dvdrip'
6. Download managers
If you don't want to use Firefox's default download manager you can
try the following download managers. In case you want to easily
download rapidshare files with your Premium Account you can check my
guide
su -c 'yum install wxdfast'
* kget
This is KDE's default download manager. if you are using GNOME you
will have to download a lot of dependencies and KDE libraries, so
you'd better not use it.
su -c 'yum install kdenetwork'
17. PDF Readers
* evince
The default pdf viewer for Fedora is Evince. If it's not installed
type:
su -c 'yum install evince evince-djvu evince-dvi'
* acrobatreader
First you must install the adobe repository.
Open a terminal and type:
su -c 'yum install AdobeReader_enu'
enu stands for the English package. To search for other languages
type:
su -c 'yum search AdobeReader'
18. Torrent Clients
* Transmission
Fedora 11 comes with Transmission as a default torrent client. You can
find it under Applications -> Internet -> Transmission or in case you
don't have it installed type:
su -c 'yum install transmission'
* KTorrent
ktorrent is an alternative torrent client for KDE users.
su -c 'yum install ktorrent'
* qBittorent
qBittorent is a featureful, lightweight torrent client based on QT4
toolkit. You must install an additional repository since it isn't
included still in any of the other fedora repositories.
su -c
rpm -ivh \
http://www.dfm.uninsubria.it/compiz/fusion-testing/qbittorrent/11\
/i386/qbittorrent-release-1-1.noarch.rpm
yum install qbittorrent
It has x86_64 packages also. Just type the same commands as above
replacing i386 with x86_64.
* Bittorrent
You could also try bittorrent
su -c 'yum install bittorrent bittorrent-gui'
* Deluge
Deluge is a lightweight, Free Software, cross-platform BitTorrent
client.
su -c 'yum install deluge'
* Azureus
Azureus is a powerful torrent meta-search with login support for
private trackers. It's now called Vuze and has reached version 4.
However in Fedora repositories you will find only Azureus version 3.
Install it like this.
su -c 'yum install azureus'
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