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Dec 17, 2013, 2:23:02 PM12/17/13
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  2. Löwgren, Jonas (February 23, 2000). "Hacker culture(s): Origins". Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  3.  Raymond, Eric (25 August 2000). "The Early Hackers". A Brief History of Hackerdom. Thyrsus Enterprises. Retrieved 6 December 2008.
  4.  a b Eric Steven Raymond (2001). "What Is a Hacker?". How To Become A Hacker. Thyrsus Enterprises. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  5.  Levy, part 2
  6.  Levy, part 3
  7. Sterling, Bruce. "cyberview_91.report". "hackers" had built the entire personal computer industry. Jobs was a hacker, Wozniak too, even Bill Gates, the youngest billionaire in the history of America -- all "hackers."
  8.  DuBois, Shelley. "A who's who of hackers". Reporter. Fortune Magazine. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
  9. TMRC site". Archived from the original on 2006-05-03.
  10.  Alan Kay quoted in Stewart Brand, "S P A C E W A R: Fanatic Life and Symbolic Death Among the Computer Bums:" In Rolling Stone (1972)
  11.  a b Fred Shapiro: Antedating of "Hacker". American Dialect Society Mailing List (13. June 2003)
  12. The Origin of "Hacker""
  13.  Caldwell, Tracey (22). "Ethical hackers: putting on the white hat". Network Security 2011 (7): 10–13.
  14.  See the 1981 version of the Jargon File, entry "hacker", last meaning.
  15.  Computer hacking: Where did it begin and how did it grow?. WindowSecurity.com. October 16, 2002.
  16.  a b Elmer-DeWitt, Philip (August 29, 1983). "The 414 Gang Strikes Again". [[Time (magazine)|]]. p. 75
  17.  Detroit Free Press. September 27, 1983
  18. Beware: Hackers at play". Newsweek. September 5, 1983. pp. 42–46, 48
  19.  Timeline: The U.S. Government and Cybersecurity". Washington Post. 2003-05-16. Retrieved 2006-04-14.
  20.  a b David Bailey, "Attacks on Computers: Congressional Hearings and Pending Legislation," sp, p. 180, 1984 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 1984.
  21.  j...@uvacs. UUCP (19-September-83 13:50:25 EDT). "for hack ( er ) s who want to complain to CBS". net.followup net.misc, net.followup. Web link.
  22.  a b Levy, Steven (2001) [1984]. Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. Penguin Books. p. 9. ISBN 0-14-100051-1.
  23.  Eric S.Raymond: A Brief History of Hackerdom (2000)
  24.  Raymond, Eric Steven (19 September 2003). "Reasons to Believe". The Art of Unix Programming. Addison-Wesley. Retrieved 2008-11-16.
  25.  Graham, Paul (2004). "Great Hackers".
  26.  MIT Gallery of Hacks". Hacks.mit.edu. Retrieved 2013-11-30.
  27. IHTFP Hack Gallery: CP Car on the Great Dome". Hacks.mit.edu. 1994-05-09. Retrieved 2013-11-30.
  28.  hacker". The Jargon Lexicon. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  29. phreaking". The Jargon Lexicon. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  30.  a b "cracker". The Jargon Lexicon. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  31.  Thompson, Ken (August 1984). "Reflections on Trusting Trust" (PDF). Communications of the ACM 27 (8): 761. doi:10.1145/358198.358210.
  32.  Richard Stallman (2002). "The Hacker Community and Ethics: An Interview with Richard M. Stallman". GNU Project. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  33.  Part III. Appendices". The Jargon Lexicon. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  34.  A Story About ‘Magic'". The Jargon Lexicon. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  35.  Part III. Appendices". The Jargon Lexicon. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
  37.  a b Sterling, Bruce (1993). "Part 2(d)". The Hacker Crackdown. McLean, Virginia: IndyPublish.com. p. 61. ISBN 1-4043-0641-2.
  38.  Blomquist, Brian (May 29, 1999). "FBI's Web Site Socked as Hackers Target Feds". New York Post.
  39. The Hacker's Dictionary". Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  40.  Raymond, Eric S. "Jargon File: Cracker". "Coined ca. 1985 by hackers in defense against journalistic misuse of hacker"
  41.  Political notes from 2012: September–December. stallman.org
  42.  Clifford, D. (2011). Cybercrime: The Investigation, Prosecution and Defense of a Computer-Related Crime. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 1594608539.
  43.  a b Wilhelm, Douglas (2010). "2". Professional Penetration Testing. Syngress Press. p. 503. ISBN 978-1-59749-425-0.
  44.  EC-Council. eccouncil.org
  45.  Moore, Robert (2005). Cybercrime: Investigating High Technology Computer Crime. Matthew Bender & Company. p. 258. ISBN 1-59345-303-5.Robert Moore
  46.  a b c Moore, Robert (2006). Cybercrime: Investigating High-Technology Computer Crime (1st ed.). Cincinnati, Ohio: Anderson Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59345-303-9.
  47.  O'Brien, Marakas, James, George (2011). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/ Irwin. pp. 536–537. ISBN 978-0-07-752217-9. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  48.  Thomas, Douglas (2002). Hacker Culture. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-3346-3.
  49.  Andress, Mandy; Cox, Phil; Tittel, Ed (2001). CIW Security Professional. New York, NY: Wiley. p. 638. ISBN 0-7645-4822-0.
  50. Blue hat hacker Definition". PC Magazine Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 31, 2010. "A security professional invited by Microsoft to find vulnerabilities in Windows."
  51.  Fried, Ina (June 15, 2005). "Blue Hat summit meant to reveal ways of the other side". Microsoft meets the hackers. CNET News. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  52.  Markoff, John (October 17, 2005). "At Microsoft, Interlopers Sound Off on Security". New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  53.  a b Chabrow, Eric (February 25, 2012). "7 Levels of Hackers: Applying An Ancient Chinese Lesson: Know Your Enemies". GovInfo Security. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
  54.  Gupta, Ajay; Klavinsky, Thomas and Laliberte, Scott (March 15, 2002) Security Through Penetration Testing: Internet Penetration. informit.com
  55. Rodriguez, Chris; Martinez, Richard. "The Growing Hacking Threat to Websites: An Ongoing Commitment to Web Application Security". Frost & Sullivan. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
  56. Gary McKinnon extradition ruling due by 16 October". BBC News. September 6, 2012. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  57. Kevin Mitnick sentenced to nearly four years in prison; computer hacker ordered to pay restitution ..." (Press release). United States Attorney's Office, Central District of California. August 9, 1999. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  58. Jordan, Tim and Taylor, Paul A. (2004). Hacktivism and Cyberwars. Routledge. pp. 133–134. ISBN 978-0-415-26003-9. "Wild West imagery has permeated discussions of cybercultures."
  59.  a b Thomas, Douglas (2003). Hacker Culture. University of Minnesota Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-8166-3346-3.
  60. Artikel 138ab. Wetboek van Strafrecht, December 27, 2012
  61.  Staples, Brent (May 11, 2003). "A Prince of Cyberpunk Fiction Moves Into the Mainstream". The New York Times. "Mr. Gibson's novels and short stories are worshiped by hackers"
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