I found this really easy to install on windows as you just need to install download it from their website then run the installer. During this process, it downloads all the latest styles and programs needed to compile most LaTeX files.
First, just to be sure: you did install texmaker via the software center right? If I got it right, you're coming form Windows world, and an habit to change in Ubuntu is the google/download/install cycle.
Feed it the appropriate prefix (in our case /usr/local/shared/suse-11.1/texmaker/1.8). You don't need to be root for most of it despite what the instructions say; you just need to do the last 'make install' stage as root.
df19127ead