I analyzed the fourth, fifth, and sixth practice sentences from part 3
of
http://fallibleideas.com/grammar:
> John gets sweaty when he does his exercise routine.
"he" means "John" and "his" means "John's".
This sentence can be rewritten as "John gets sweaty when John does
John's exercise routine."
clause: "John gets sweaty"
linking verb: gets
subject: John
complement: sweaty
clause: "John does John's exercise routine"
action verb: does
subject: John
object: routine
"John's exercise routine" is a noun phrase; "John's" and "exercise"
both modify "routine"
the subordinating conjunction "when" joins the main clause "John gets
sweaty" and the subordinate clause "John does John's exercise routine"
conclusions: John gets sweaty. This happens when he does his exercise routine.
> I gave him gifts.
"him" is an indirect object; the word "to" is implied.
This sentence can be rewritten as "I gave gifts to him."
action verb: gave
subject: I
object: gifts
"to him" is a prepositional phrase; the preposition "to" governs the
pronoun "him"
"gave" and "to him" are a simple verb phrase; the prepositional phrase
"to him" modifies the verb "gave"
conclusions: I gave gifts. The person I gave gifts to was him. The
sentence doesn't say who "him" refers to.
> I love to throw boomerangs to myself.
action verb: love
subject: I
object: to throw boomerangs
"to throw boomerangs" is a noun infinitive based on the verb "throw".
"boomerangs" is the object of "to throw".
"to myself" is a prepositional phrase; the preposition "to" governs
the pronoun "myself"
"to throw boomerangs to myself" is a noun phrase; the prepositional
phrase "to myself" modifies the noun infinitive "to throw boomerangs"
conclusions: I love to throw boomerangs if the boomerangs are thrown to myself.