Re: Friday meet-up

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Katrin Verclas

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Oct 30, 2009, 3:38:40 PM10/30/09

to Joshua Goldstein, Steve Song, Jonathan Donner, Kentaro Toyama, Prabhas Pokharel, Julie Weber, fairm...@googlegroups.com

Dear all -- I am copying the FairMobile Google group that we set up a while ago with interested people in this space. I've set up a blog that will be live and pretty this weekend, and we are moving along on the first iteration of the FairMobile set of data points. See Steve Song's post on this here: http://manypossibilities.net/2009/10/fair-mobile-a-start/.

We also have bought some additional data points in the form of a membership at Wireless Intelligence and Steve is looking at a first iteration of an index, of sorts.

And dear Google Group members, by way of explanation - we have had a small group conversation about some key aspects of FairMobile. Please read from below if you want to get caught up and we promise that we are, from now one, using the list to have an archive and engage a broader community.

Thanks, and have a good weekend (and happy reading -- there is lot there!)

Katrin

On Oct 30, 2009, at 3:26 PM, Joshua Goldstein wrote:

Since I can’t make it to CT tomorrow, thought I would send along a few big-picture thoughts.

First, a word of introduction [particularly for Jonathan and Kentaro, whom I haven’t met, but whose work I follow!] I began thinking a lot about mobile policy issues as a research intern on Google’s Africa policy team two summers ago. These issues resurfaced for me this summer when I was doing some biz dev work w/ Appfrica Labs in Uganda. I’m currently talking w/ Ed Felten of Princeton [an amazing U.S. tech policy scholar] about bringing an Africa tech policy research agenda to the [newish] Center for Information Technology Policy next fall [I’m applying to do a PhD at Woodrow Wilson]. I’m currently consulting with UNICEF Innovations group, who is also exploring this space, starting w/ the RFQ I sent to this list a few days ago.

In other words, I’m here to learn and contribute to this agenda however I can. I'll likely make to Capetown this summer.

A few meta-thoughts, mostly for framing this research:

- Explore the relationship b/w average SMS cost and profitability- could one look at Phillipines before and after the average SMS dropped to 1 US cent, and see if network provider profit went up with scale? Are there other countries that had similar experiences?
- Early acknowledgement of ways change might come about: policy (regulation), business decision (lowering prices), or subsidization (NGO, gov't?). All are challenging, but developing more evidence that there is a business case for lower prices seems important.
- When constructing the index, its important to consider how the network providers, and others, will challenge these assumptions. They will claim: “We already have lower margins then our peers on other continents, we are working with poor legacy [fixed-line and copper] infrastructure and fragmented [urban/rural] if we lower prices, will NGO's/t gov’t subsidize us? Is it a good idea for governments to pick Africa’s technology winners?” Ect…

- I agree w/ Jonathan on incorporating mobile web into the narrative, and very keen to hear recs on how this could be done

- At Google there was an assumption that there is a tiny minority of regulators and industry folks who 'get' the importance of more and cheaper access, and that getting those folks in the same room to develop a movement would be very valuable relatively early in this campaign. I've talked w/ several groups about supporting this sort of event and keen to think through who is the best convenor for such an event: Google, foundation, ect...

Finally, curious about how to get this meme into the public conversation, both in the West and more importantly in Africa. While the African telecom discourse certainly has to develop on its own terms, I think there are a series of metaphors from the U.S. discourse that are useful [generativity, open access, ect] that can help make this conversation easier to follow. Kevin Donovan [who I know has been working a bit w/ Jonathan] and I have been blogging on this meme, and I wrote a short piece in Venture Beat, but curious to hear your thoughts on best approaches on ways to get public attention on these issues.

Enjoy the event this weekend!

Josh Goldstein
blog | inanafricanminute.blogspot.com

On 10/27/09, Steve Song <steve...@shuttleworthfoundation.org <mailto:steve...@shuttleworthfoundation.org>> wrote:
> Hi Katrin, Jonathan,
>
> Mea maxima culpa on not following up on a Fair Mobile meet-up. I am
> still quite keen to meet on Friday if you are available. I'd still be
> very happy to host you at the Foundation although as we would inevitably
> be just a few, it might be easier for me to come into town.
>
> I managed to organised a Fair Mobile OpenSpace discussion at the recent
> IDRC event in Dakar, although we didn't do much more than scratch the
> service. The most useful thing suggestion that came out of the
> discussion was to start with something simple and add complexity over
> time. More about that at
> http://manypossibilities.net/2009/10/fair-mobile-a-start/
>
> Regards... Steve
>
>
> Katrin Verclas wrote:
> --
>> Ok, colleagues --
>>
>> After mulling our conversation for a while, let me summarize and suggest
>> some initial work for Julie.
>>
>>
>> Key Questions that were raised by you:
>> * Are we building and advocating for a world where (a) all 6.5 billion
>> people can make a call and send an SMS and/or where (b) as large a
>> subset as possible are also able to plug in, in some way or another, to
>> data services and the internet. Are goals (a) and (b) at cross-purposes
>> or complementary? If SMSs were much, much cheaper, would they be better
>> bridges to the internet?, etc. Thus, to me, a big research question is
>> */around understanding the variability in the enabling environments for
>> mobile internet/*, not just voice and SMS. This probably means
>> gathering subscription and prepay user estimates for mobile data use,
>> which might be hard to do.
>> * What are the critical factors in a 'FairMobile' Index? The cost of an
>> SMS compared to a labourer's daily wage might be a factor but there are
>> obviously loads of factors. What are they? (see below for more)
>>
>>
>> Specific questions:
>>
>> * What is */accessibility of prepaid mobile data across Africa? Does
>> one need/* to purchase high-cost monthly plans or even purchase prepay
>> data separately from prepay minutes?
>> * What explains the degree of SMS usage in a country? Can we model it
>> and predict it? (I believe it's a function of absolute cost, relative
>> cost to voice, relative cost to income, local language, literacy rate,
>> and default script of the phone). Related: Can we model usage for SMS
>> along the lines Kentaro suggests, carry this through for Voice and Data,
>> and see if we see assymetries in the model. If assymetries exist, do
>> they clue us in towards the "generativity" of these tools?
>> * What's the breakdown of ARPU by socio-economic class in various
>> countries? Also, can that be modeled? (I'm not convinced that with only
>> a first-order model, that it's actually worthwhile for the carriers to
>> keep getting the lowest-income customers.)
>> * What's the ratio between SMS and voice usage in given environments?
>> * How loyal are people to their service provider, and is a slight cost
>> change enough for people to change? (Again, by socio-economic class.)
>> * What differences are there in uptake of a service between
>> pay-as-you-go and pay-monthly (even if both are pre-paid)?'
>>
>> * Taking a stab at the factors that constitute a 'FairMobile' Index:
>>
>> ** Absolute cost, relative cost to voice, relative cost to
>> income, modified SMS cost metric that takes into account network
>> CAPEX/OPEX per user costs.
>> ** Interconnect fees
>> ** Handset import taxes
>> ** Carrier pre-select
>> ** Degree of complexity of pre-pay packages
>> ** Degree of subsidy for data services from SMS revenue (this might be
>> impossible data to get)
>> ** Roaming charges
>> ** Availability of skype/VOIP
>> ** Degree of quality of mobile communication: Dropped calls, network
>> coverage
>>
>>
>> I would suggest to Julie to pick an initial few questions to explore to
>> get a sense of the data sets available (some we have, some we might need
>> to acquire). The top three questions I like to see answered intially are
>> these:
>>
>> * SMS costs: Absolute cost, relative cost to voice, relative cost to
>> income, modified SMS cost metric that takes into account network
>> CAPEX/OPEX per user costs.
>> * Related: What explains the degree of SMS usage in a country? Can we
>> model it and predict it? (I believe it's a function of absolute cost,
>> relative cost to voice, relative cost to income, local language,
>> literacy rate, and default script of the phone). Related: Can we model
>> usage for SMS along the lines Kentaro suggests, carry this through for
>> Voice and Data, and see if we see assymetries in the model. If
>> assymetries exist, do they clue us in towards the "generativity" of
>> these tools?
>> * What's the breakdown of ARPU by socio-economic class in various
>> countries? Also, can that be modeled? (I'm not convinced that with only
>> a first-order model, that it's actually worthwhile for the carriers to
>> keep getting the lowest-income customers.)
>>
>> Building on that, I like to see an exploration of the elements that
>> would constitute a FairMobile Index. (and, I am not wedded to the term
>> per se - EnableMobile might work as well). However, I like to get a very
>> clear sense of the indicators that would be useful to look at closely to
>> measure the degree of an enabling environment for mobile for social
>> impact. In some ways,this is, of course, an arbitrary decision to make,
>> as any index does. In our case, it should be a very defensible argument,
>> however.
>>
>> So, please chime in on the top one or two questions Julie might be able
>> to look at. I am setting up a time to talk with her directly to
>> ascertain whether that is still possible :)
>>
>> Kentaro, I will be in touch with you about Wireless Intelligence to see
>> how we work this. Thanks!
>>
>> Katrin
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Sep 10, 2009, at 3:59 AM, Kentaro Toyama wrote:
>>
>>> We'll leave questions around fairness up to you (again, because
>>> they're normative, not factual), but it seems like there's a lot of
>>> overlap in interest regarding what kind of data to collect and what
>>> analyses to run. So, let's start with that!
>>>
>>> ________________________________________
>>> From: Prabhas [pra...@mobileactive.org <mailto:pra...@mobileactive.org>

>>> <mailto:pra...@mobileactive.org <mailto:pra...@mobileactive.org>>]

>>> Sent: Wednesday, September 09, 2009 12:49 PM
>>> To: Steve Song
>>> Cc: Kentaro Toyama; Jonathan Donner; Katrin Verclas; Julie Weber
>>> Subject: Re: thank you and following up
>>>
>>> First, hello to all. Good to be in touch electronically. I am super
>>> glad to be listening to all these great ideas, and that this
>>> initiative is beginning to take root.
>>>
>>>
>>> And to add to the discussion, here are some thoughts I want to add:
>>>
>>> - At a higher level, is "fairness" just about information-access-
>>> capabilities, or also about reasonable consumer expectations? (For
>>> example, I see being able to keep the same number less as info-access
>>> issue, more as consumer expectation issue).
>>>
>>> - I think accessibility of various services is huge, and hard to
>>> model. Jon, I would definitely be excited to see the research you and
>>> your interns pull up in terms of accessibility of data vs. voice and
>>> sms services. For example, the importance of the question "is it fair
>>> for telcoms to subsidize data with voice and SMS" will somewhat depend
>>> on this research. And I would encourage you to extend your research to
>>> a little bit outside Africa (ex: Phillipenes and India, where we see
>>> cost structures very different from Africa).
>>>
>>> - An advocacy campaign like "1-cent SMS" doesn't even make sense until
>>> like Steve and Jon point out, we decide what "fair" actually means.
>>> Perhaps 1-cent SMSs won't even be a fair thing to advocate. Advocacy
>>> might come eventually (and might help with funding?), but the
>>> hamburger-type index must come first.
>>>
>>> - (A bit of a far reach.) Thinking about the idea of "generativity:"
>>> Can we model usage for SMS along the lines Kentaro suggests, carry
>>> this through for Voice and Data, and see if we see assymetries in the
>>> model. If assymetries exist, do they clue us in towards the
>>> "generativity" of these tools?
>>>
>>> Besides that, Steve and Jon, I am in Cape Town until the end of the
>>> week, and I would absolutely love to get some coffee with either of
>>> you if you have the time. My number in SA is 7835576993, and feel free
>>> to ring or message me.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Cheers to all,
>>> Prabhas
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On Sep 9, 2009, at 2:10 PM, Steve Song wrote:
>>>
>>>> Hi all,
>>>>
>>>> @Kentaro - ditto :-)
>>>>
>>>> I think Jonathan cut to the nub of the issue. "Fair" and "enabling"
>>>> are entirely subjective terms. What interests me is coming to some
>>>> sort of public consensus (initially just among the people in the
>>>> room) about what might be reasonable expectations of fairness in
>>>> mobile access based on experiences around the world. There never
>>>> will be a canonical definition of "Fair Mobile" but it would give us
>>>> the beginnings of a scale to measure the fairness mobile
>>>> environments with. As long as we are very public about our
>>>> assumptions, I think it could be useful. And it is the comparative
>>>> experience that I think could be powerful. Witness the impact of
>>>> Namibia's recent interconnection fee drop as a spur to action in
>>>> South Africa.
>>>>
>>>> I am not really thinking about an advocacy campaign (such as a 1
>>>> cent SMS campaign) but rather an index such as the McDonald's
>>>> hamburger index in the Economist. The cost of an SMS compared to a
>>>> labourer's daily wage might be a factor but there are obviously
>>>> loads of factors. I would be interested in brainstorming what are
>>>> actually the critical factors.
>>>>
>>>> In addition to the interesting research questions raised by Jonathan
>>>> and Kentaro, from a consumer perspective:
>>>>
>>>> - are interconnect fees a fairness issue?
>>>> - are overly complex pre-paid packages fair?
>>>> - is carrier pre-select important for fairness?
>>>> - is number portability important and how easy does it have to be to
>>>> be meaningful?
>>>> - is blocking skype/voip over mobile fair?
>>>> - is anything but bill and keep fair as an interconnection regime?
>>>> - is voice quality a fairness issue?
>>>> - are dropped calls a fairness issue?
>>>> - is subsidising data services with voice and SMS revenue fair?
>>>> - are handset import taxes a fairness issue?
>>>> - are roaming charges a fairness issue?
>>>> the list goes on.
>>>>
>>>> In my recent comparison of SMS charges in South Africa versus the
>>>> Philippines, I failed to take into account country size and
>>>> population density. Is there a modified SMS cost metric that takes
>>>> into account network CAPEX/OPEX per user costs.
>>>>
>>>> Increasingly I am interested in the point at which a technology such
>>>> as mobile can be termed "generative" in the Zittrain sense of the
>>>> word. I think SMSes are a potentially generative technology which
>>>> is restrained from being truly generative by the cost of use.
>>>>
>>>> Love to think through some of these issues out loud with some smart
>>>> people. That's why I offered to host a session at the Foundation on
>>>> Oct 30th taking advantage of the fact that Katrin is in town. I was
>>>> thinking of a fairly small group (max 15?) that we would convene
>>>> simply through word of mouth. Suggestions welcome for other you
>>>> think might like to attend.
>>>>
>>>> Cheers... Steve
>>>>
>>>> P.S. I will probably try and convene a similar sort of session at
>>>> the IDRC Acacia Forum (http://www.acaciaforum.net/) in Dakar Oct
>>>> 5-8. Anyone else going to be there?
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Kentaro Toyama wrote:
>>>>> [Steve -- great to run into you again!]
>>>>> Let me immediately commit US$1500 for any data that Katrin wants to
>>>>> purchase, assuming we can all share the data. The information that
>>>>> Katrin cites below all sounds great -- we'd be interested in seeing
>>>>> it, too.
>>>>> As to what we do with it, I believe that one of Steve and Katrin's
>>>>> agendas is along the lines of pressing for 1-cent SMS, etc. This is
>>>>> interesting, but one that we, as Microsoft Research, will probably
>>>>> not engage in much. Being normative questions, rather than strictly
>>>>> factual, it's not our mandate to get into them (other arms of the
>>>>> company handle normative policy). In any case, it's not clear that
>>>>> we, as Microsoft, have much credibility as far as that goes. ;-)
>>>>> So, we'll that up to you (although we're happy to support data that
>>>>> you need for that).
>>>>> However, the following are the kinds of research questions I'm
>>>>> personally very interested in...
>>>>> -- What explains the degree of SMS usage in a country? Can we model
>>>>> it and predict it? (I believe it's a function of absolute cost,
>>>>> relative cost to voice, relative cost to income, local language,
>>>>> literacy rate, and default script of the phone)
>>>>> -- What's the breakdown of ARPU by socio-economic class in various
>>>>> countries? Also, can that be modeled? (I'm not convinced that with
>>>>> only a first-order model, that it's actually worthwhile for the
>>>>> carriers to keep getting the lowest-income customers.)
>>>>> -- What's the ratio between SMS and voice usage in given
>>>>> environments?
>>>>> -- How loyal are people to their service provider, and is a slight
>>>>> cost change enough for people to change? (Again, by socio-economic
>>>>> class.)
>>>>> -- What differences are there in uptake of a service between pay-as-
>>>>> you-go and pay-monthly (even if both are pre-paid)?
>>>>> Etc. Of course, standard caveats about geography, culture, etc.
>>>>> Thanks!
>>>>> Kentaro
>>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>> *From:* Jonathan Donner
>>>>> *Sent:* Wednesday, September 09, 2009 2:39 AM
>>>>> *To:* Katrin Verclas; Kentaro Toyama
>>>>> *Cc:* Julie Weber; Prabhas Pokharel; Steve Song
>>>>> *Subject:* RE: thank you and following up
>>>>> Hi Katrin,
>>>>> This is great. I am quite interested in the topic. Please keep me
>>>>> on the thread – and I look forward to the event on the 30^th
>>>>> Having not heard what research priorities are on the table, I’m not
>>>>> sure if my comments will be helpful or not. However:
>>>>> I know that the meaning of the terms “fair” and “enabling
>>>>> environment” are both up for discussion. These are big issues, of
>>>>> course, with roots in the heated and decades-long discussions
>>>>> around universal access policies for landlines . But I’d suggest
>>>>> another framing discussion around what we assume we mean by
>>>>> “mobile” itself. This will be round #whatever of the SMS-vs.-data
>>>>> services discussion but I think it is critical. Are we building
>>>>> and advocating for a world where (a) all 6.5 billion people can
>>>>> make a call and send an SMS and/or where (b) as large a subset as
>>>>> possible are also able to plug in, in some way or another, to data
>>>>> services and the internet. Are goals (a) and (b) at cross-purposes
>>>>> or complementary? If SMSs were much, much cheaper, would they be
>>>>> better bridges to the internet?, etc. Thus, to me, a big research
>>>>> question is */around understanding the variability in the enabling
>>>>> environments for mobile internet/*, not just voice and SMS. This
>>>>> probably means gathering subscription and prepay user estimates for
>>>>> mobile data use, which might be hard to do.
>>>>> A sub-research question: I have been talking with a student here
>>>>> about assessing */the accessibility of prepaid mobile data across
>>>>> Africa/* (and beyond). It is extremely easy to get prepaid data
>>>>> here in South Africa (if it were not so easy, MXit would not be
>>>>> MXit). But I have no idea if the same holds true everywhere else on
>>>>> the continent. It is possible that prepay data access is now the
>>>>> worldwide norm….but maybe not. I really want to know this for
>>>>> sure. If one needs to purchase high-cost monthly plans or even
>>>>> purchase prepay data separately from prepay minutes, that’s a bad
>>>>> thing. Katrin and Steve, if either of you know the answer, you can
>>>>> save me and the intern a lot of work. But if you don’t know the
>>>>> answer and think it is worth pursuing, I can see this sub-inquiry
>>>>> being a nice complement/module of this overall effort. Let me know
>>>>> – and if you don’t mind, I will bring said student onto this thread.
>>>>> There’s probably more but I need to jump into meetings for a few
>>>>> hrs….leaving it here for now.
>>>>> - Jonathan
>>>>> *From:* Katrin Verclas [mailto:kat...@mobileactive.org <mailto:kat...@mobileactive.org>]

>>>>> *Sent:* Wednesday, September 09, 2009 11:06 AM
>>>>> *To:* Kentaro Toyama
>>>>> *Cc:* Jonathan Donner; Julie Weber; Prabhas Pokharel; Steve Song
>>>>> *Subject:* Re: thank you and following up
>>>>> Thanks :) Julie and I are communicating and are talking next
>>>>> week. We have some data but we need much more from Wireless
>>>>> Intelligence and several other sources that we are gathering now.
>>>>> Can I count you in to contribute to the cost of that, as we had
>>>>> discussed? We'll be pulling data as soon as I have a commitment.
>>>>> The more important question is really what we are looking at --
>>>>> i.e. what are the key research questions. I know Julie is eager to
>>>>> get started but we are still sorting key research priorities. Hence
>>>>> my eagerness to get yours :)
>>>>> Steve Song and I are organizing a series of workshops at various
>>>>> venues to bring in key stakeholders in the next few weeks to a. get
>>>>> them involved, and b. elicit their input so that there is value-add
>>>>> to what exists already. We are keen on crystallizing key elements
>>>>> of what constitutes an 'enabling environment' for mobile and what
>>>>> is means to have a 'fair mobile' environment. We have not quite
>>>>> nailed that enough for us to jump in. And, it's really a bit of a
>>>>> coalition/engagement process, as well! So, let me know about
>>>>> putting in for more data and your key questions -- I am keen to
>>>>> hear them. Jonathan, same with you. Also note that we are hosting
>>>>> a brainstorming session on this Oct 30th in Cape Town at
>>>>> Shuttleworth, hosted by Steve. We'll get you a more invite shortly.
>>>>> Thanks!
>>>>> Katrin
>>>>> On Sep 9, 2009, at 2:45 AM, Kentaro Toyama wrote:
>>>>> Hi Katrin,
>>>>> I'm traveling for a few weeks, and some of it on vacation, so will
>>>>> be slow to respond to this. But, in principle, all for it!
>>>>> I'm adding Jonathan, who I think will be interested overall.
>>>>> Julie mentioned interest in starting to crunch some numbers right
>>>>> away -- if you have data, she could start trying stuff with it.
>>>>> Glad you could visit us!
>>>>> Thanks!
>>>>> Kentaro
>>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>> *From:* Katrin Verclas [kat...@mobileactive.org <mailto:kat...@mobileactive.org>

>>>>> <mailto:kat...@mobileactive.org <mailto:kat...@mobileactive.org>

>>>>>> ]
>>>>> *Sent:* Saturday, September 05, 2009 8:49 AM
>>>>> *To:* Kentaro Toyama
>>>>> *Subject:* thank you and following up
>>>>> Kentaro,
>>>>> Thanks for the conversations and the lovely dinner. It was great to
>>>>> get a better sense of the Lab and the work you all do. It was also
>>>>> great to have Indrami and Bill at the camp - they both ran great
>>>>> sessions. Thanks!
>>>>> I wanted to follow up, though, on the FairMobile initiative, as the
>>>>> code name goes. I would love to take you up on your offer and get
>>>>> better data from Wireless Intelligence and an economist (ideally
>>>>> one from India who I would be able to support on an NGO budget) to
>>>>> crunch some of the data and come up with key reports. We can do
>>>>> the visualizations in compelling ways as well. Would you be able
>>>>> to chip in to the cost of expanding the database? And, do you have
>>>>> suggestions, in addition to Julie, about any suitable contractor to
>>>>> get on this for a six-month project? Below is the data that WI
>>>>> provides -- with the caveats listed as well. I can provide an
>>>>> intern who can scour operator data online and that of national
>>>>> associations of operators which also make some data available. That
>>>>> should give is a pretty good start, even if there are some gaps
>>>>> with some of the smallest operators who are not doing a very good
>>>>> job reporting their numbers. This begs the question, then, of the
>>>>> key themes we'd want to explore. I have my list but I am curious
>>>>> about what you are interested in - so will you send me your key
>>>>> questions?
>>>>> Thanks, and let's strike a deal :)
>>>>> Wireless Intelligence Database data points: *For all mobile
>>>>> network operators worldwide:*
>>>>> Number of subscriber connections (split prepaid, contract or
>>>>> blended) across all technologies (GSM, W-CDMA, HSPA, CDMA2000 1X,
>>>>> EV-DO etc.) + 5 yr forecasts
>>>>> Market share of connections Growth rate of connections Market
>>>>> penetration Net additions Market share of net additions *Where
>>>>> operators report this data or it can be calculated from other
>>>>> reported data:*
>>>>> ARPU (split pre-paid, contract or blended, voice and non-voice)
>>>>> Churn Total Billed SMS events SMS per user per month Minutes of use
>>>>> total Minutes of use per user Subscriber acquisition costs per user
>>>>> Revenue (total and splits of recurring, non-recurring, voice and
>>>>> non-voice) Capex
>>>>> Opex EBITDA EBITDA margin Gross additions Disconnections Effective
>>>>> price per minute Data as percentage of service revenue Operating
>>>>> Free Cash Flow Capex / revenue (rolling 12-month) Opex / revenue
>>>>> (rolling 12-month)
>>>>> Katrin
>>>>> Katrin Verclas
>>>>> Co-Founder and Editor
>>>>> MobileActive.org
>>>>> _kat...@mobileactive.org <mailto:kat...@mobileactive.org> <mailto:kat...@mobileactive.org <mailto:kat...@mobileactive.org>>_

>>>>> + 1 413 687 9877
>>>>> skype: katrinskaya
>>>>> Check out our new site and mDirectory! Tools, research, case
>>>>> studies, and how-to use resources about mobiles in social change
>>>>> work.
>>>>> http://mobileactive.org <http://mobileactive.org/>
>>>>> Katrin Verclas
>>>>> Co-Founder and Editor
>>>>> MobileActive.org
>>>>> _kat...@mobileactive.org <mailto:kat...@mobileactive.org> <mailto:kat...@mobileactive.org <mailto:kat...@mobileactive.org>>_

>>>>> + 1 413 687 9877
>>>>> skype: katrinskaya
>>>>> Check out our new site and mDirectory! Tools, research, case
>>>>> studies, and how-to use resources about mobiles in social change
>>>>> work.
>>>>> http://mobileactive.org <http://mobileactive.org/>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> Steve Song
>>>> Telecommunications Fellow, Shuttleworth Foundation
>>>>
>>>> email: steve...@shuttleworthfoundation.org <mailto:steve...@shuttleworthfoundation.org>

>>>> <mailto:steve...@shuttleworthfoundation.org <mailto:steve...@shuttleworthfoundation.org>>

>>>> work: +27 21 970 1220
>>>> mobile: +27 83 482 2088
>>>> skype: steve_l_song
>>>> blog: http://manypossibilities.net
>>>> twitter: stevesong
>>>>
>>>
>>> Prabhas Pokharel
>>> MobileActive.org
>>> pra...@mobileactive.org <mailto:pra...@mobileactive.org> <mailto:pra...@mobileactive.org <mailto:pra...@mobileactive.org>>

>>> skype: prabhasp
>>>
>>> Check out our new site and mDirectory!
>>> Tools, research, case studies and how-tos about mobiles in social
>>> change work.
>>>
>>> http://mobileactive.org
>>
>> Katrin Verclas
>> Co-Founder and Editor
>> MobileActive.org
>> kat...@mobileactive.org <mailto:kat...@mobileactive.org> <mailto:kat...@mobileactive.org <mailto:kat...@mobileactive.org>>

>> + 1 413 687 9877
>> skype: katrinskaya
>>
>>
>> Check out our new site and mDirectory!
>> Tools, research, case studies, and how-to use resources about mobiles in
>> social change work.
>>
>> http://mobileactive.org <http://mobileactive.org/>
>>
>
> --
> Steve Song
> Telecommunications Fellow, Shuttleworth Foundation
>
> email: steve...@shuttleworthfoundation.org <mailto:steve...@shuttleworthfoundation.org>
> work: +27 21 970 1220
> mobile: +27 83 482 2088
> skype: steve_l_song
> blog: http://manypossibilities.net
> twitter: stevesong
>
>

--
Sent from my mobile device

--
Steve Song
Telecommunications Fellow, Shuttleworth Foundation

email: steve...@shuttleworthfoundation.org
work: +27 21 970 1220
mobile: +27 83 482 2088
skype: steve_l_song
blog: http://manypossibilities.net
twitter: stevesong

Katrin Verclas

Co-Founder and Editor

MobileActive.org

kat...@mobileactive.org

+ 1 413 687 9877

skype: katrinskaya

Check out our new site and mDirectory!

Tools, research, case studies, and how-to use resources about mobiles in social change work.