By default the Apache module, as many other Example42 modules, do not modify existing configuration files unless you don't provide them explicitely.
So, in order to modify the apache use you have to pass a (custom) erb template for httpd.conf where you use the @process_user variable..
Something like:
class { 'apache':
process_user => 'vagrant',
template => 'site/apache/httpd.conf.erb',
}
and in site/templates/apache/httpd.conf.erb you need something like:
User <%= @process_user %>