Firefighters begin creating fire lines to combat the wildfire in Custer State Park, S.D., Dec. 13, 2017. Ellsworth Airmen worked with more than 330 firefighters from four surrounding states to combat the wildfire covering 55 square miles of the park. (U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Donald C. Knechtel)
Firefighters with the Platteville Gilcrest Fire Protection District hose down flames consuming Custer State Park, S.D., Dec. 13, 2017. Ellsworth Airmen worked with more than 330 firefighters from four surrounding states to combat the wildfire covering 55 square miles of the park. (U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Donald C. Knechtel)
A fire rages through Custer State Park, S.D., Dec. 13, 2017. No one has been injured in the fire that has currently consumed more than 55 square miles, however, five homes in the park have been evacuated and one unused building was destroyed. (U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Donald C. Knechtel)
Staff Sgt. Robert Dickson, a crew chief assigned to the 28th Civil Engineer Squadron Firefighter Flight, brings tools to Ellsworth firefighters assisting with the fire in Custer State Park, S.D., Dec. 13, 2017. The park wildfire grew rapidly overnight, pushing beyond the park's borders and threatening nearby communities. (U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Donald C. Knechtel)
A wildfire spreads throughout Custer State Park, S.D., Dec. 13, 2017. According to park officials, the fire grew from about six square miles on Tuesday to about 55 square miles on Wednesday and is 10 percent contained. (U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Donald C. Knechtel)
Erin Considine, a public information officer trainee with the Nebraska National Forest, prepares her gear before heading into the fire at Custer State Park, S.D., Dec. 13, 2017.C(U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Donald C. Knechtel)
Tyler Lefthand, a Region One firefighter, guides a fire line to combat the wildfire in Custer State Park, S.D., Dec. 13, 2017. The firefighters used drip torches to create a controlled burn to starve the wildfire burning through the park. (U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Donald C. Knechtel)
Sascha Rech, 86th Civil Engineer Squadron lead firefighter, displays how firefighters look in their gear to children on Ramstein Air Base, Germany, Oct. 9, 2018. Familiarity with firefighters can help prevent children from being scared of responders during a fire emergency. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Jimmie D. Pike)
Jason Haddock, 86th Civil Engineer Squadron Fire Prevention assistant fire chief, talks to a family during Fire Prevention Week on Ramstein Air Base, Germany, Oct. 9, 2018. Throughout Fire Prevention Week, members of Kaiserslautern Military Community Fire and Emergency Services spread information about fire safety to families on base. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Jimmie D. Pike)
A firefighter with the Kaiserslautern Military Community Fire and Emergency Services demonstrates what happens when water is poured on a grease fire on Ramstein Air Base, Germany, Oct. 6, 2018. If a grease fire happens, the fire should be smothered by placing the lid on the pot or pan to prevent oxygen from feeding the flames. After a lid has been placed on the pot or pan, the fire department should be called. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Jimmie D. Pike)
Children from Ramstein Elementary School stand with Sparky and react to fire truck sirens on Ramstein Air Base, Germany, Oct. 9, 2018. Firefighters visited schools during Fire Prevention Week to familiarize children with personnel, equipment, and fire safety tips. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Jimmie D. Pike)
Firefighters from the Kaiserslautern Military Community Fire and Emergency Services drive fire trucks by base housing on Ramstein Air Base, Germany, Oct. 6, 2018. Fire trucks were part of a parade to kick off Fire Prevention Week on Ramstein, observed from Oct. 7 - 13. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Jimmie D. Pike)
U.S. Air Force Tech. Sgt. James Fligor, 86th Civil Engineer Squadron Station 3 station chief, helps a child put out a simulated fire on a fire extinguisher trainer on Ramstein Air Base, Germany, Oct. 6, 2018. Members of the Kaiserslautern Military Community Fire and Emergency Services came together during Fire Prevention Week to help raise awareness of the importance of fire safety. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Jimmie D. Pike)
Firefighters from the 86th Civil Engineer Squadron perform an extrication exercise during an open house on Ramstein Air Base, Germany, Oct. 6, 2018. During Fire Prevention Week, members of the Kaiserslautern Military Community Fire and Emergency Services helped familiarize families with the importance of fire safety and how firefighters can help in emergency situations. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Jimmie D. Pike)
Albuquerque Fire Rescue has four Wildland Task force stations throughout the city. The Task force stations are able to respond immediately to Wildland fires in and around the City of Albuquerque with type I engines (large pumpers), VI engines (brush trucks) and members with advanced Wildland training. Members of the task force stations undergo many hours of training to prepare them for combating Wildland fire with ground and aerial suppression tactics. Albuquerque Fire Rescue also participates in the New Mexico Resource Mobilization Plan. This multi agency plan enables Albuquerque Fire Rescue to assist our fellow firefighting agencies in fighting Wildland fires in New Mexico and neighboring states.
The 311 Community Contact Center is a centralized call center for the City of Albuquerque. The 311 service is a single telephone number for all non-emergency City of Albuquerque inquiries and services.
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ATF's early arson jurisdiction is embedded within explosives legislation dictated by two critical Acts: the Gun Control Act of 1968 and the Explosive Control Act of 1970. The Gun Control Act of 1968 not only dictated firearms laws, but also focused on jurisdiction over destructive devices. Before this Act, arson was considered to be outside ATF's jurisdiction, unless the device used to ignite the fire was a traditionally recognized destructive device or an explosive. The Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 (commonly called the Explosive Control Act of 1970) established penalties for the misuse of explosives and outlined regulations for the manufacture, importation, sale and storage of explosives.
The National Laboratory Center and its world-class Fire Research Laboratory (FRL) ? The FRL is the first institution of its kind in the world. It provides the facilities, equipment and staff to work on important issues involving fire scene reconstruction, validation of fire pattern analysis, impact of accelerants on fire growth, and electrical fire cause analysis. The FRL provides invaluable tools for ATF's arson enforcement mission, its training capabilities, and its support to criminal investigations. It is also a critical resource for state and local agencies. ATF laboratory facilities provide expert opinion and court testimony for local agencies involved in arson investigations.
ATF determined that the use of a flammable liquid when mixed with an oxidizing agent fell within the definition of "explosive" as set out in the Explosive Control Act. Under this broadened interpretation, ATF successfully prosecuted three men in a U.S. District Court in Savannah, Ga. While this was not the first successful conviction for arson under the Explosives Control Act, it was the first in which a broadened interpretation of the definition of explosives was applied.
Thus, a violation of the Explosive Control Act had been established that supported the interpretation of gasoline used with an oxidizing agent to damage or destroy any building, vehicle, or other real or personal property in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any activity affecting interstate or foreign commerce. With this interpretation supported, ATF had the authority to directly investigate many more arson cases than previously.
Left: ATF's Predecessor ? ATF investigated arson cases since before it became an independent bureau in 1972. From 1968 to 1971, the Bureau was the Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Division (ATFD) under the Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury. ATFD made its first fire-bombing case (which today would be called an arson case) in early 1969 in Mobile, Ala. This truck is an example of an early response vehicle developed to respond to violations of the new legislation.
Right: Church Arson ? Responding to a sharp increase in arson cases involving houses of worship, President Bill Clinton formed the National Church Arson Task Force. This plan implemented a strategy to identify and prosecute arsonists. Between January 1995 and May 1997, ATF investigated 429 church arson crime scenes.
ATF formed the first federal arson task force in 1977, in Philadelphia. The agency provided on-the-job training to ATF agents by temporarily assigning them to the Philadelphia Arson Task Force. In addition to ATF, this task force consisted of FBI agents, postal investigators and Philadelphia police and fire investigators.
ATF soon expanded the arson task force model to 10 other cities with acute arson problems. By November 1977, with the support of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), ATF expanded the concept to all 23 DOJ strike force cities.
Current National Response Team (NRT) Vehicle ? NRTs assist Federal, State and local investigators with significant arson and explosives incidents. ATF's four NRTs are prepared to respond within 24 hours. Each team consists of special agents, certified explosives specialists, certified fire investigators, forensic chemists, explosives enforcement officers, fire protection engineers and accelerant and explosives detection canines
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