Predation by rats is a major threat for many rare species, especially on islands, and invasive species have been implicated in nearly half of all known bird extinctions that occurred over the last five centuries. The eradication of rats from islands is a particularly effective measure to recover Endangered bird populations; for example, the successful removal of the Black rat (Rattus rattus) from Montecristo (an island not far from Pianosa, where this video was shot), increased the breeding success of the Endangered Scopoli’s shearwater (Calonectris diomedea) from almost zero, to around 90%!