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Cardiac arrhythmias are heart rhythm disorders consequence of the abnormal generation and/or abnormal propagation of electrical impulses in the cardiac conduction system. They can originate in the atria or in the ventricles and are directly or indirectly responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths every year in the EU, with the subsequent costs for health systems (treatment, hospitalization, rehabilitation, disabilities, etc.) Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the cause of 20% of deaths in Europe and is usually originated by ventricular tachycardia (VT) evolving into ventricular fibrillation (VF), a rhythm that leads to a lack of blood pumping and to the death of the patient if not reversed in a few minutes. On the other hand, atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained arrhythmia (2% of the total population), especially in the elderly (8.5% among people over 60). Although less dangerous in the short term, it affects the quality of life and leads to added risk of SCD, heart failure, stroke and dementia.
In this project, several of the main technological challenges in relation to these arrhythmias are addressed. One is the non-invasive identification and monitoring of the individual risk of SCD in different populations and/or conditions, in order to guide its treatment. Likewise, AF poses important challenges regarding the knowledge of the mechanisms that trigger and perpetuate it, in order to define ablation strategies alternative to the current ones, not very efficient yet, and perform personalized guided catheter ablation, as well as improving the non-invasive characterization of AF from the ECG. Another challenge is the characterization of the interaction of the autonomic nervous system with the different cardiac structures and its role in arrhythmogenesis of both VT/VF and AF, which should inspire new strategies for the management and treatment of the arrhythmic patients and those in risk of arrhythmia. This project is devoted to the analysis of cardiac intracavitary, epicardial and surface signals, supported by computational or experimental models. It is based on the hypothesis that the adequate conjunction between physiology and signal processing will allow to obtain better knowledge of the mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis (substrate, automaticity and effect of the nervous system and their interactions) as well as to design more suitable biomarkers for risk stratification, for clinical decision and ablation therapy guidance.
The expected contributions are: i) better understanding of the proarrhythmic mechanisms, both in the atrium and ventricle, to understand how they can be anticipated and treated ii) proposal and validation of non-invasive biomarkers for non-invasive stratification of cardiac risk and iii) proposal and validation of methods to guide and optimize catheter ablation procedures. The methods developed will provide information to the doctor to guide decision-making and the selection of the most appropriate therapies. This is expected to increase efficiency in catheter ablation interventions and in the early identification of high-risk patients, with the consequent impact on the quality of life and on the burden on health systems.
Lamin A/C dilated cardiomyopathy is an autosomal dominant inheritable disease with a high lifetime penetrance. There are indications that competitive sports are related to adverse events in patients with lamin A/C genotype, but the evidence is sparse and the effect of recreational exercise is unknown.
Cancer survival has been increasing for decades, but the treatments are often cardiotoxic. We investigate the late adverse effects of cancer drugs and treatments, like radiation treatment, on cardiac morbidity and health.
Current projects include the study of Cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in survivors of testicular cancer, and the multi-center study on the cardiotoxicity of modern treatment regimes for Hodgkins lymphoma.
Tetralogy of Fallot is one of the most common congenital heart diseases. The main cause of death in operated patients is sudden cardiac death, which in many cases represents the first presentation of an arrhythmia.
We aim to contribute to the improvement of risk stratification in Tetralogy of Fallot patients, by identifying the subpopulation of patients who are at higher risk for sudden cardiac death, arrhythmias and heart failure.
We aim to describe disease penetrance in family members at genetic diagnosis, compare disease progression between probands and family members and also to assess the impact of structural disease progression on arrhythmic outcome in AC patients and mutation positive family members.
Brugada syndrome is a genetic primary arrhythmia disorder with a high risk for sudden death. Although previously described as a purely electrical disorder, subtle structural and functional abnormalities appear to be present. We therefore investigate the role of echocardiography as a tool for risk stratification in Brugada syndrome.
Patients with systolic heart failure and prolonged QRS width on the electrocardiogram are eligible for Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Clinical response to this treatment is, however, highly variable and one third of the patients do not benefit at all.
Endurance athletes can tolerate extreme doses of cardiac stress, and are considered among the most healthy individuals in our society. Therefore, it is tragically counter intuitive when an athlete suffers unexpected sudden cardiac death. Advanced cardiac imaging and electrocardiography may identify individuals at risk of such events.
The aim in this project is to describe the phenotypes of athletes with complex ventricular arrhythmias, compare them to healthy athletes, and to assess the candidate predictors in a separate sample to gain knowledge of risk stratification of high-performance athletes.
Diastolic dysfunction is a result of reduced relaxation of the left ventricle, often combined with increased stiffness and/or reduced restoring forces. Patients with signs of diastolic dysfunction have an elevated risk of major adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
The EMPATHY project aims to unravel the complex pro-arrhythmic electro-mechanical interactions in the apparently healthy yet vulnerable hosts of genetic cardiac diseases by combining three different but highly complementary scientific fields, being clinical cardiac imaging (OSLO), genetics and cellular electrophysiology (MILAN), and multi-scale computational modelling (MAASTRICHT).
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disease, affecting the heart and causing potentially lethal arrhythmias. In order to improve echocardiographic risk prediction in patients with this relatively rare disease, we are combining data and expertise from two of the largest patient cohorts in Europe, the Oslo cohort and the Utrecht cohort from the Netherlands.
Pl Brekke's research is focused on the development of new ultrasound technologies and methods, with focus on high frame rate ultrasound and machine learning/artificial intelligence applications. He is also employed part time by the Norwegian Research Council funded BigMed project, in which big data analytics are being employed to improve sudden cardiac death prediction and prevention.
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