App Builder Free _BEST_
Sharmaine Kachmar
The builder pattern is a design pattern designed to provide a flexible solution to various object creation problems in object-oriented programming. The intent of the builder design pattern is to separate the construction of a complex object from its representation. It is one of the Gang of Four design patterns.
A method annotated with @Builder (from now on called the target) causes the following 7 things to be generated:
- An inner static class named FooBuilder, with the same type arguments as the static method (called the builder).
- In the builder: One private non-static non-final field for each parameter of the target.
- In the builder: A package private no-args empty constructor.
- In the builder: A 'setter'-like method for each parameter of the target: It has the same type as that parameter and the same name. It returns the builder itself, so that the setter calls can be chained, as in the above example.
- In the builder: A build() method which calls the method, passing in each field. It returns the same type that the target returns.
- In the builder: A sensible toString() implementation.
- In the class containing the target: A builder() method, which creates a new instance of the builder.
If using @Builder to generate builders to produce instances of your own class (this is always the case unless adding @Builder to a method that doesn't return your own type), you can use @Builder(toBuilder = true) to also generate an instance method in your class called toBuilder(); it creates a new builder that starts out with all the values of this instance. You can put the @Builder.ObtainVia annotation on the parameters (in case of a constructor or method) or fields (in case of @Builder on a type) to indicate alternative means by which the value for that field/parameter is obtained from this instance. For example, you can specify a method to be invoked: @Builder.ObtainVia(method = "calculateFoo").
The name of the builder class is FoobarBuilder, where Foobar is the simplified, title-cased form of the return type of the target - that is, the name of your type for @Builder on constructors and types, and the name of the return type for @Builder on methods. For example, if @Builder is applied to a class named com.yoyodyne.FancyList, then the builder name will be FancyListBuilder. If @Builder is applied to a method that returns void, the builder will be named VoidBuilder.
By annotating one of the parameters (if annotating a method or constructor with @Builder) or fields (if annotating a class with @Builder) with the @Singular annotation, lombok will treat that builder node as a collection, and it generates 2 'adder' methods instead of a 'setter' method. One which adds a single element to the collection, and one which adds all elements of another collection to the collection. No setter to just set the collection (replacing whatever was already added) will be generated. A 'clear' method is also generated. These 'singular' builders are very complicated in order to guarantee the following properties:
- When invoking build(), the produced collection will be immutable.
- Calling one of the 'adder' methods, or the 'clear' method, after invoking build() does not modify any already generated objects, and, if build() is later called again, another collection with all the elements added since the creation of the builder is generated.
- The produced collection will be compacted to the smallest feasible format while remaining efficient.
@Singular can only be applied to collection types known to lombok. Currently, the supported types are:
- java.util:
- Iterable, Collection, and List (backed by a compacted unmodifiable ArrayList in the general case).
- Set, SortedSet, and NavigableSet (backed by a smartly sized unmodifiable HashSet or TreeSet in the general case).
- Map, SortedMap, and NavigableMap (backed by a smartly sized unmodifiable HashMap or TreeMap in the general case).
- Guava's com.google.common.collect:
- ImmutableCollection and ImmutableList (backed by the builder feature of ImmutableList).
- ImmutableSet and ImmutableSortedSet (backed by the builder feature of those types).
- ImmutableMap, ImmutableBiMap, and ImmutableSortedMap (backed by the builder feature of those types).
- ImmutableTable (backed by the builder feature of ImmutableTable).
You can customize parts of your builder, for example adding another method to the builder class, or annotating a method in the builder class, by making the builder class yourself. Lombok will generate everything that you do not manually add, and put it into this builder class. For example, if you are trying to configure jackson to use a specific subtype for a collection, you can write something like:@Value @Builder@JsonDeserialize(builder = JacksonExample.JacksonExampleBuilder.class)public class JacksonExample {@Singular(nullBehavior = NullCollectionBehavior.IGNORE) private List foos;@JsonPOJOBuilder(withPrefix = "")public static class JacksonExampleBuilder implements JacksonExampleBuilderMeta private interface JacksonExampleBuilderMeta {@JsonDeserialize(contentAs = FooImpl.class) JacksonExampleBuilder foos(List
You cannot manually provide some or all parts of a @Singular node; the code lombok generates is too complex for this. If you want to manually control (part of) the builder code associated with some field or parameter, don't use @Singular and add everything you need manually.
The sorted collections (java.util: SortedSet, NavigableSet, SortedMap, NavigableMap and guava: ImmutableSortedSet, ImmutableSortedMap) require that the type argument of the collection has natural order (implements java.util.Comparable). There is no way to pass an explicit Comparator to use in the builder.
The generated field in the builder to represent a field with a @Builder.Default set is called propertyName$value; an additional boolean field called propertyName$set is also generated to track whether it has been set or not. This is an implementation detail; do not write code that interacts with these fields. Instead, invoke the generated builder-setter method if you want to set the property inside a custom method inside the builder.
Various well known annotations about nullity cause null checks to be inserted and will be copied to parameter of the builder's 'setter' method. See Getter/Setter documentation's small print for more information.
You can suppress the generation of the builder() method, for example because you just want the toBuilder() functionality, by using:@Builder(builderMethodName = ""). Any warnings about missing @Builder.Default annotations will disappear when you do this, as such warningsare not relevant when only using toBuilder() to make builder instances.
You can use @Builder for copy constructors: foo.toBuilder().build() makes a shallow clone. Consider suppressing the generating of thebuilder method if you just want this functionality, by using: @Builder(toBuilder = true, builderMethodName = "").
Due to a peculiar way javac processes static imports, trying to do a non-star static import of the static builder() method won't work. Either use a star static import: `import static TypeThatHasABuilder.*;` or don't statically import the builder method.
If setting the access level to PROTECTED, all methods generated inside the builder class are actually generated as public; the meaning of theprotected keyword is different inside the inner class, and the precise behavior that PROTECTED would indicate (access by any source in the same package is allowed, as well as any subclasses from the outer class, marked with @Builder is not possible, and marking the inner members public is as close as we can get.
If you have configured a nullity annotation flavour via lombok.config key lombok.addNullAnnotations, any plural-form generated builder methods for @Singular marked properties (these plural form methods take a collection of some sort and add all elements) get a nullity annotation on the parameter. You get a non-null one normally, but if you have configured the behavior on null being passed in as collection to IGNORE, a nullable annotation is generated instead.
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