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Jackie Chan began his film career as an extra child actor in the 1962 film Big and Little Wong Tin Bar. Ten years later, he was a stuntman opposite Bruce Lee in 1972's Fist of Fury and 1973's Enter the Dragon. He then had starring roles in several kung fu films, such as 1973's Little Tiger of Canton and 1976's New Fist of Fury. His first major breakthrough was the 1978 kung fu action comedy film Snake in the Eagle's Shadow, which was shot while he was loaned to Seasonal Film Corporation under a two-picture deal.[1] He then enjoyed huge success with similar kung fu action comedy films such as 1978's Drunken Master and 1980's The Young Master. Jackie Chan began experimenting with elaborate stunt action sequences in The Young Master[2] and especially Dragon Lord (1982).[3]
1983's Project A saw the official formation of the Jackie Chan Stunt Team and established Chan's signature style of elaborate, dangerous stunts combined with martial arts and slapstick humor, a style he further developed in a more modern setting with 1984's Wheels on Meals and notably 1985's Police Story, which contained numerous large-scale action scenes[4] and is considered one of the best action films of all time.[5] Chan continued his style of slapstick martial arts mixed with elaborate stunts in numerous other films, such as the Police Story sequels, the Armour of God series, Project A Part II (1987), Dragons Forever (1988), Twin Dragons (1992), City Hunter (1993), and Drunken Master II (1994), among others. Rumble in the Bronx (1995) made Jackie Chan a mainstream celebrity in North America, leading to a successful Hollywood career with the Rush Hour and Shanghai Noon series. In 2000, Chan produced an animated series Jackie Chan Adventures, which ran until 2005.[6] In 2010, Jackie Chan appeared in his first dramatic role in an American film, The Karate Kid.[7] In 2017, the Chinese-Indian co-production Kung Fu Yoga became his highest-grossing film in China.[8] As of 2021[update], Jackie Chan has appeared in nearly 150 films.[9]
At the box office, ten of his films earned nearly US$200,000,000 (equivalent to $540,000,000 in 2022) worldwide between 1985 and 1989.[10] By the mid-1990s, he had become the most popular action movie star in Asia and Europe, with at least 20 films (out of 40 films) up until then earning him a net income of $5 million per film.[11] In East Asia, his films collectively grossed HK$1.14 billion (US$146 million) in Hong Kong between 1973 and 2010,[12] 48.4 billion (US$607 million) in Japan between 1979 and 2012,[13] and over US$72 million in South Korea between 1991 and 2010,[14] while topping the Taiwan box office ten times between 1982 and 1994.[15] In Europe, his films collectively sold about 84 million tickets between 1973 and 2010.[16] As of 2021[update], his films have grossed over CN14 billion (US$2.17 billion) in China,[17] and US$1.84 billion[18] (more than US$2.44 billion adjusted for inflation) in the United States and Canada.[19] As of 2018[update], 48 of his films listed by The Numbers have grossed more than US$5 billion at the worldwide box office.[18]
Jackie Chan SBS MBE PMW[4] (Chinese: 成龍, Yale romanization: Sìhng Lùhng, Jyutping: Sing4 Lung4; lit. "becoming the dragon";[5][3][2] born 7 April 1954)is a Hong Kong[6][7] actor, filmmaker, martial artist, and stuntman known for his slapstick acrobatic fighting style, comic timing, and innovative stunts, which he typically performs himself. Before entering the film industry, he was one of the Seven Little Fortunes from the China Drama Academy at the Peking Opera School, where he studied acrobatics, martial arts, and acting. Chan has been acting since the 1960s, performing in more than 150 films. He is one of the most influential action film stars of all time.[8]
Chan is one of the most recognisable and influential film personalities in the world, with a widespread global following in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres. He has received fame stars on the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars and the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[9][10] Chan has been referenced in various pop songs, cartoons, films, and video games. He is an operatically trained vocalist and is also a Cantopop and Mandopop star, having released a number of music albums and sung many of the theme songs for the films in which he has starred. He is also a globally known philanthropist and has been named one of the top 10 most charitable celebrities by Forbes magazine.[11][12] In 2004, film scholar Andrew Willis stated that Chan was perhaps the "most recognised film star in the world."[13] In 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth to be $350 million, and as of 2016[update], he was the second-highest-paid actor in the world.[14][15]
Chan spent his formative years within the grounds of the French consul's residence in the Victoria Peak, British Hong Kong, as his father worked as a cook there.[25] Chan attended the Nah-Hwa Primary School on Hong Kong Island, where he failed his first year, after which his parents withdrew him from the school. In 1960, his father emigrated to Canberra, Australia to work as the head cook for the American embassy, and Chan was sent to the China Drama Academy, a Peking Opera School run by Master Yu Jim-yuen.[25][26] Chan trained rigorously for the next decade, excelling in martial arts and acrobatics.[27] He eventually became part of the Seven Little Fortunes, a performance group made up of the school's best students, gaining the stage name Yuen Lo (元樓) in homage to his master. Chan became close friends with fellow group members Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao, and the three of them later became known as the Three Brothers or Three Dragons.[28] After entering the film industry, Chan along with Sammo Hung got the opportunity to train in hapkido under the grand master Jin Pal Kim, and Chan eventually attained a black belt.[29] As a martial artist, Chan is also skilled in multiple forms of Kung-fu.[30] He is also known to have trained in other martial art forms such as Karate, Judo, Taekwondo, and Jeet Kun Do.[31]
He began his film career by appearing in small roles at the age of five as a child actor. At age eight, he appeared with some of his fellow "Little Fortunes" in the film Big and Little Wong Tin Bar (1962) with Li Li-Hua playing his mother. The following year, the young actor appeared in extras of Yen Chun's 1964 film Liang Shan Po and Chu Ying Tai and had a small role in King Hu's 1966 film Come Drink with Me.[33] In 1971, after an appearance as an extra in another kung fu film, A Touch of Zen, Chan was signed to Chu Mu's Great Earth Film Company.[34]
Chan appeared in the Bruce Lee film Fist of Fury (1972), both as an extra and as a stunt double for the Japanese villain Hiroshi Suzuki (portrayed by Riki Hashimoto), particularly during the final fight scene where Lee kicks him and he flies through the air.[35][36] Chan again appeared in another Bruce Lee film, Enter the Dragon (1973), as a minor henchman who gets killed by Lee's character. Sammo Hung helped Chan get minor roles in both of the Bruce Lee films.[37] Chan also worked as a martial arts choreographer for John Woo's The Young Dragons (1974).[36]
In 1976, Jackie Chan received a telegram from Willie Chan, a film producer in the Hong Kong film industry who had been impressed with Jackie's stunt choreography work. Willie Chan offered him an acting role in a film directed by Lo Wei. Lo saw Chan's performance in the John Woo film Hand of Death (1976) and planned to model him after Bruce Lee with the film New Fist of Fury.[34] His stage name was changed to 成龍 (literally "becoming the dragon",[5][3] Sing4 Lung4 in Jyutping[3] or rarely as Cheng Long in pinyin),[38] to emphasise his similarity to Bruce Lee, whose stage name meant "Lee the Little Dragon" in Chinese. (Note that "dragon" in Lee's name referred to Lee's birth year being the Dragon zodiac, not the Chinese dragon.) The film was unsuccessful because Chan was not accustomed to Lee's martial arts style. Despite the film's failure, Lo Wei continued producing films with similar themes, but with little improvement at the box office.[39]
Chan's first major breakthrough was the 1978 film Snake in the Eagle's Shadow, shot while he was loaned to Seasonal Film Corporation under a two-picture deal.[40] Director Yuen Woo-ping allowed Chan complete freedom over his stunt work. The film established the comedic kung fu genre, and proved refreshing to the Hong Kong audience.[41] The same year, Chan then starred in Drunken Master, which finally propelled him to mainstream success.[42]
Willie Chan became Jackie's personal manager and firm friend, and remained so for over 30 years. He was instrumental in launching Chan's international career, beginning with his first forays into the American film industry in the 1980s. His first Hollywood film was The Big Brawl in 1980.[43][44] Chan then played a minor role in the 1981 film The Cannonball Run, which grossed over US$100 million worldwide.[45] Despite being largely ignored by North American audiences in favour of established American actors such as Burt Reynolds, Chan was impressed by the outtakes shown at the closing credits, inspiring him to include the same device in his future films.
Back in Hong Kong, Chan's films began to reach a larger audience in East Asia, with early successes in the lucrative Japanese market including Drunken Master, The Young Master (1980) and Dragon Lord (1982).[46] The Young Master went on to beat previous box office records set by Bruce Lee and established Chan as Hong Kong cinema's top star. With Dragon Lord, he began experimenting with elaborate stunt action sequences,[47] including the final fight scene where he performs various stunts, including one where he does a back flip off a loft and falls to the lower ground.[48]
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