![]() Demystifying painThe experience of pain has long seemed one of science’s most imponderable black boxes, but a new study suggests it may be possible to shine a little light into this darkness. Building on work that has connected pain to the generation of certain brain waves, neuroscientists can now demonstrate that people’s brains respond very differently to the same stimuli. As the science develops, clinicians and researchers could potentially supplement personal, subjective ratings from patients with a more objective pain scale, ushering in the next generation of bespoke analgesics. Last week, we presented research warning that a critical ocean system that brings warm water up the North Atlantic, also known as the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), was at risk of collapse by 2095. If proven correct, this scenario could see temperatures drop by 5 to 10 degrees in Europe. The study has been controversial so we sat down for an in-depth conversation with its authors, the siblings Peter and Susanne Ditlevsen, from the University of Copenhagen, to discuss findings that could have devastating consequences for the continent. Moving on to the permafrosted relations between Westminster and Brussels post-Brexit, the UK and EU are still yet to formalise a defence policy, though Michel Barnier, the EU’s former chief Brexit negotiator believes the thaw is coming. As ever, though, domestic politics may determine how the wind blows. In lighter and more uplifting news, a study provides much-needed ammunition against ageist stereotypes in business. After following 3,000 new ventures over nearly a decade, researchers have concluded that entrepreneurs over the age of 50 are considerably more likely to bring radical products and services to market, in large part thanks to their experience and wealth. Whether this can counter dominant narratives of youthful go-getters remains to be seen but perhaps truly fresh ideas can emerge only after all the cliches have been exhausted. This year marks the centenary of the death of impressionist and luminist master Joaquin Sorolla. Remembered particularly for his paintings of bright Mediterranean summers, retrospectives of his work currently abound. Long before Barbie’s Ken declared his job to be "just beach", the visionary from Valencia had arguably mapped the quintessence of summer sublime. If your job for the next few weeks is also "just beach", make sure you choose a pair of sunglasses with proper filters. This and our other tips can help protect your eyes in the hot summer sun. - Natalie Sauer, head of the English section at The Conversation France Why pain is so hard to measure – and how our study of brainwaves could helpAn objective way to measure pain is the holy grail of pain research. Gamma waves may be part of the answer. Was this email
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