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Overclocking requires changing several system settings, like voltages and clock speeds. You can do software overclocking inside Windows 10 and Windows 11 with utilities like Intel's XTU or AMD's Ryzen Master, or you can enter the values directly into the system BIOS/UEFI. It's pretty simple to enter the BIOS to overclock; on the majority of platforms, you simply reboot the system and click delete or F2 repeatedly as it restarts. Both approaches have their strengths and weaknesses.
Software overclocking in Windows is a bit simpler because it uses standardized naming for the various settings, whereas motherboard makers often use different names for the same settings (luckily, the BIOS tends to have a short descriptor for each option). Additionally, overclocking in Windows allows you to make changes in real-time. In contrast, changing the values in the BIOS requires a system reboot before you see the impact. Overclocking your CPU in the BIOS does have one big advantage, though: There are far more fine-grained options available for more advanced tuners. Most die-hard overclockers stick with BIOS overclocking and use software tools for monitoring.
It is important to save your BIOS settings before you make changes. Overclocking your CPU is a trial-and-error process, so you might need to restore these settings several times. Most motherboards let you save your settings to a profile you can later restore, and you can assign simple names to keep track of multiple profiles. If you dial in good overclocked settings but would like to push even higher, it makes sense to save a profile so you can easily revert to a known-stable configuration if needed.
While the names for certain settings can vary somewhat based on your motherboard vendor, the major manufacturers (Asus, ASRock, Gigabyte, and MSI) all include a wealth of options to overclock your CPU with their enthusiast-class boards. You can go as deep as you want on a top-tier motherboard, but the basics aren't nearly as daunting as the wealth of options might suggest.
There are a plethora of settings and voltages you can manipulate for overclocking. For the scope of this article, we'll only focus on the basic settings that you'll need to get your overclock up and running. We'll refer to these basic settings in the following sections, but we have also provided a glossary of other key BIOS terms at the bottom of the article for your reference.
Here are the basic steps of overclocking your chip, but be aware that this is a trial-and-error process, so you'll need to be patient and reboot your PC multiple times as you dial in the perfect settings. We suggest overclocking your memory after you have dialed in your peak CPU overclock.
We also recommend changing the fewest number of variables as possible between each reboot and series of stress tests. Ideally, you would change one variable per attempt to ensure that you can determine the impact of each change correctly. We have other sections below with more specific advice for overclocking Intel and AMD CPUs, but these basic steps apply to both chipmakers:
Optional Step.) For Intel processors only, set the AVX offset to -1 or -2 to reduce the multiplier when your processor engages in AVX workloads: AVX workloads hit the processor hard and, as a result, require more voltage to achieve stability. That makes the chip run hotter, and be less stable. It isn't uncommon to see high overclocks accompanied by -3 or -4 AVX offsets. This will help you attain higher overclocks overall, so it is highly advisable to specify an AVX offset.
Optional Step.) Configure the voltage mode to the selection of your choice: We suggest using a static (override) voltage mode until you've dialed in your overclock. After that, you can try other modes. Adaptive mode is often popular because the Vcore decreases with the multiplier, which will make the processor generate less heat and consume less power.
Optional Step.) Set the Load Line Calibration: Load Line Calibration (LLC) compensates for Vdroop by assuring that voltages remain at a more even level, thus solidifying your overclock. Some motherboard brands prefer to use numeric values to denote the LLC level, while others use non-numeric values. For the average user, a medium value should be more than enough. You can experiment with the different values to see which works best for you, though. Newer-generation motherboards, particularly higher-end models, tend to adjust this setting automatically with precision. Unless you're chasing the highest of overclocks, you can often leave this setting unaltered and stick with the "Auto" setting.
If you overclock via the turbo ratios, you'll need to make sure that your Windows power profile is set to 'Balanced' or lower (the 'High Performance' profile keeps the chip at its peak turbo frequency at all times). You can use our above step-by-step guide to overclock using this approach, but instead of modifying the CPU ratio multiplier in Step one, simply modify the Turbo Boost multipliers instead.
The 'Per Core' feature allows you to assign a unique frequency to each individual core. This can be helpful if you identify that some cores are more capable of sustaining a higher frequency than others. This setting is most useful for advanced tuners and can require a fair amount of investigative work to determine the appropriate clock speed for each core. In this case, you would cycle through each core and target it individually with a stress test as you work your way through the steps above, finding the peak for each core.
We generated these overall measurements of gaming performance as a geometric mean of our entire test suite. We also selected the most important single- and multi-threaded tests in our suite to generate those cumulative measurements. You can see an even more expansive view in our CPU Benchmark hierarchy.
Increasing the chips' frequency through overclocking requires pumping more power through the chip, thus generating more heat. If you don't manage those factors correctly, higher frequencies could result in faster aging, and thus lowered life span.
Will overclocking kill your CPU? Not if you follow common-sense steps and take a conservative approach. There are settings and techniques that overclockers can use to minimize the impact of overclocking, and if done correctly, premature chip death from overclocking isn't a common occurrence.
Intel's overclocking guru Dan Ragland has given us specific advice when it comes to overclocking when we visited the company's overclocking lab. We'll share an excerpt of those learnings here:
Every semiconductor process has a point on its voltage/frequency curve beyond which a processor will wear out at an untenable rate. If the chip wears enough, it triggers electromigration (the process of electrons slipping through the electrical pathways), which leads to premature chip death. Some factors are known to increase the rate of wear, such as the higher current and thermal density that comes as a result of overclocking.
All this means that, like the carton of milk in your refrigerator, your chip has an expiration date. Because increasing frequency through overclocking requires pumping more power through the chip, thus generating more heat, higher frequencies typically result in faster aging, and thus lowered life span. Intel's overclocking team recommends using adaptive voltage targets for overclocking and leaving C-States enabled. Not to mention using AVX offsets to keep temperatures in check during AVX-heavy workloads.
The amount of time a processor stays in elevated temperature and voltage states has the biggest impact on lifespan. You can control the temperature of your chip with better cooling, which then increases lifespan (assuming the voltage is kept constant). Assuming voltage remains constant, each successive drop in temperature results in a non-linear increase in life expectancy, so the 'first drop' in temps from 90C to 80C yields a huge increase in chip longevity. In turn, colder chips run faster at lower voltages, so dropping the temperature significantly by using a beefier cooling solution also allows you to drop the voltage further, which then helps control the voltage axis.
In the end, though, voltage is the hardest variable to contain. Ragland pointed out that voltages are really the main limiter that prevents Intel from warrantying overclocked processors, as higher voltages definitely reduce the lifespan of a processor. But Ragland has some advice: "As an overclocker, if you manage these two [voltage and temperature], but especially think about 'time in state' or 'time at high voltage,' you can make your part last quite a while if you just think about that. It's the person that sets their system up at elevated voltages and just leaves it there 24/7 [static overclock], that's the person that is going to burn that system out faster than someone who uses the normal turbo algorithms to do their overclocking so that when the system is idle your frequency drops and your voltage drops with it. So, There's a reason we don't warranty it, but there's also a way that overclockers can manage it and be a little safer."
That means manipulating the turbo boost ratio is much safer than assigning a static clock ratio via multipliers. As an additional note, you should shoot for idle temperatures below 30C, though that isn't much of a problem if you overclock via the normal turbo algorithms as described by Ragland.
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