According to the 2021 Romanian census, Romania's population was 19,053,815.[10] Like other countries in the region, its population is expected to decline gradually as a result of sub-replacement fertility rates and negative net migration rate. According to the 2021 Romanian census, Romanians made up 89.33% of the population, and the largest ethnic minorities are the Roma 8.32% of the population,[366] gave a total of 1,850,000 Roma in Romania. The Hungarians 6.05% of the population. Many ethnicities are not recorded, as they do not have ID cards.[367] International sources give higher figures than the official census (ex:UNDP's Regional Bureau for Europe, World Bank).[368][369][370] Hungarians constitute a majority in the counties of Harghita and Covasna. Other minorities include Ukrainians, Germans, Turks, Lipovans, Aromanians, Tatars, and Serbs.[371] In 1930, there were 745,421 Germans living in Romania,[372] but only about 36,000 remained in the country to this day.[371] As of 2009[update], there were also approximately 133,000 immigrants living in Romania, primarily from Moldova and China.[231]
The official language is Romanian, a Romance language (the most widely spoken of the Eastern Romance branch), which presents a consistent degree of similarity to Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, and Istro-Romanian, but shares many features equally with the rest of the Western Romance languages, specifically Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Catalan.[383] The Romanian alphabet contains the same 26 letters of the standard Latin alphabet, as well as five additional ones (namely ă, â, î, ț, and ș), totaling 31.[383]
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