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Penicillin G procaine is an antibiotic that is given by injection into a muscle. It is approved to treat bacterial infections in many different parts of the body. It does not work to treat viral infections, such as the common cold.
Another drug in the penicillin class carries a broad indication for illnesses caused by the anthrax organism (Bacillus anthracis). Because the most up-to-date information about appropriate dosing following exposure to anthrax is available for Cipro (ciprofloxacin), doxycycline, and penicillin G procaine, use of these three drugs has been recommended.
In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. If a person is exposed to anthrax, the risk of adverse events caused by penicillin treatment may be acceptable because of the seriousness of the disease. However, if a person is not exposed to anthrax, these risks may outweigh the benefits.
There are online pharmacies from which you can confidently fill your prescriptions. Unfortunately, there are also questionable sites that make buying medicines online risky. Buying a medicine from an illegal Website puts you at risk. You may get a contaminated or fake product, the wrong product, an incorrect dose, or no product at all. Go to: Buying Medicines and Medical Products Online for additional tips on buying medicines online.
Read on to learn more about cutting agents that are added to certain drugs and how this process increases the risks of using illicit drugs, making them even more dangerous than their 100% pure counterparts.
Additionally, a study conducted in Europe tested 524 random samples of cocaine. Of the samples, only 10% contained pure cocaine, with 5% containing no cocaine at all. The remaining 445 samples all contained at least 1 or more cutting agent.2
In 2021, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported more than 100,000 overdose deaths, making it the deadliest year in U.S. history. At least 66% of those deaths were related to synthetic opioids like fentanyl.3
The DEA has recently seen a sharp increase in fentanyl as a cutting agent in prescription pills illegally purchased on the street or online. These pills include fake, but very real-looking versions of prescription opioids such as oxycodone (Oxycontin, Percocet), hydrocodone (Vicodin), and alprazolam (Xanax); or stimulants like amphetamines (Adderall).4
Drug dealers use it as a cutting agent because of its extremely powerful effects and low cost. This poses a serious risk of overdose and death to anyone using any type of illicit drug that could be laced with fentanyl.5
Levamisole bears a close resemblance to high-quality cocaine and is available at a low cost. Evidence also suggests that a metabolite of levamisole called aminorex may have some stimulant or amphetamine-like properties, which could potentially create an added high when snorted and explain why dealers frequently use it as a cutting agent.2
Today this substance is considered quite dangerous. According to documents from the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, phenacetin is a known carcinogen and unsafe to breathe, much less consume orally or nasally.8
Although Phenacetin is banned in the U.S., dealers might still be able to get it overseas. If they do, they may use it as a cutting agent in white, powdered drugs like cocaine and heroin to dilute the pure substances and maximize profits.
When caffeine is mixed with heroin, it causes the heroin to vaporize at a lower temperature, which could be used to the advantage of dealers and seen by people who smoke or inhale the drug as a potential benefit.9
Chloroquine is a white, powdered medication used to help people manage the symptoms of malaria. It is a relatively easy substance to find, especially in countries where malaria is active, and an inexpensive substance to purchase.
Crushed aspirin pills are almost indistinguishable from powdered drugs like cocaine and heroin, and they may be used as a cutting agent in these drugs. Aspirin also has a slightly bitter smell and taste, which is another attribute dealers look for when trying to assess the purity of a substance they would like to purchase or test.
Aspirin is remarkably cheap to buy, and there are no limitations on how much a person can buy at any one time. But since cutting agents are so common, some countries have taken steps to make their purchase and use illegal.
But other cutting agents do have physiological effects and are chosen by dealers because of their chemical and physical similarities to illicit drugs like cocaine and heroin. These substances can be extremely toxic.6
An overdose is an emergency. Call 911 immediately if you suspect you or someone you know is experiencing an overdose.\n"}How to Tell if a Drug Has Been Cut With Other SubstancesIt is almost impossible to tell if a drug has been cut with other substances. Dealers typically choose cutting agents because of their close resemblance to certain drugs, and many of these substances have no specific smell or taste.11
For fentanyl detection, testing strips are available through many needle exchange programs and other public resources. However, availability varies from state to state, with some places classifying these kits as illegal drug paraphernalia.
One way to avoid the potentially lethal effects of cutting agents is to stop using illicit drugs. If you or a loved one has lost control of their drug use, a professional addiction treatment program can help you begin the path to recovery.
Our inpatient rehab facility in New Jersey uses a combination of evidence-based and alternative therapies to address the many issues underlying addiction and teach patients more positive ways to cope.
For more information about our programs, ways to pay for drug rehab, or using insurance to pay for rehab, call us at "props":"scalar":"","helpline":"true","children":"". Our admissions navigators are available around the clock to answer your questions and start the admissions process.
American Addiction Centers (AAC) is committed to delivering original, truthful, accurate, unbiased, and medically current information. We strive to create content that is clear, concise, and easy to understand.
Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant that directly affects the brain. Cocaine has been labeled the drug of the 1980s and '90s, because of its extensive popularity and use during this period. However, cocaine is not a new drug. In fact, it is one of the oldest known drugs. The pure chemical, cocaine hydrochloride, has been an abused substance for more than 100 years, and coca leaves, the source of cocaine, have been ingested for thousands of years.
There are basically two chemical forms of cocaine: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The hydrochloride salt, or powdered form of cocaine, dissolves in water and, when abused, can be taken intravenously (by vein) or intranasally (in the nose). Freebase refers to a compound that has not been neutralized by an acid to make the hydrochloride salt. The freebase form of cocaine is smokable.
Cocaine is generally sold on the street as a fine, white, crystalline powder, known as "coke," "C," "snow," "flake," or "blow." Street dealers generally dilute it with such inert substances as cornstarch, talcum powder, and/or sugar, or with such active drugs as procaine (a chemically-related local anesthetic) or with such other stimulants as amphetamines.
Crack is the street name given to the freebase form of cocaine that has been processed from the powdered cocaine hydrochloride form to a smokable substance. The term "crack" refers to the crackling sound heard when the mixture is smoked. Crack cocaine is processed with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and water, and heated to remove the hydrochloride.
Because crack is smoked, the user experiences a high in less than 10 seconds. This rather immediate and euphoric effect is one of the reasons that crack became enormously popular in the mid 1980s. Another reason is that crack is inexpensive both to produce and to buy.
The principal routes of cocaine administration are oral, intranasal, intravenous, and inhalation. The slang terms for these routes are, respectively, "chewing," "snorting," "mainlining" or "injecting," and "smoking" (including freebase and crack cocaine). Snorting is the process of inhaling cocaine powder through the nostrils, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream through the nasal tissues. Injecting releases the drug directly into the bloodstream, and heightens the intensity of its effects. Smoking involves the inhalation of cocaine vapor or smoke into the lungs, where absorption into the bloodstream is as rapid as by injection. The drug can also be rubbed onto mucous tissues. Some users combine cocaine powder or crack with heroin in a "speedball."
Cocaine use ranges from occasional use to repeated or compulsive use, with a variety of patterns between these extremes. There is no safe way to use cocaine. Any route of administration can lead to absorption of toxic amounts of cocaine, leading to acute cardiovascular or cerebrovascular emergencies that could result in sudden death. Repeated cocaine use by any route of administration can produce addiction and other adverse health consequences.
A great amount of research has been devoted to understanding the way cocaine produces its pleasurable effects, and the reasons it is so addictive. One mechanism is through its effects on structures deep in the brain. Scientists have discovered regions within the brain that, when stimulated, produce feelings of pleasure. One neural system that appears to be most affected by cocaine originates in a region, located deep within the brain, called the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Nerve cells originating in the VTA extend to the region of the brain known as the nucleus accumbens, one of the brain's key pleasure centers. In studies using animals, for example, all types of pleasurable stimuli, such as food, water, sex, and many drugs of abuse, cause increased activity in the nucleus accumbens.
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