Mark M
Sep 21, 10:35 pm
To Consider: Goldhagen’s family background:
• Father is a holocaust survivor
• Has a personal interest
All numbers are approximate and taken from various on-line sites:
Wikipedia,
navy.history.mil
I. To Refute/ Comment Against: Goldhagens claim of the number of
Japanese lives lost in Japan due to the bombings of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki:
a. Goldhagen claims that between 210,000 – 300,000 Japanese men,
women, and children were killed. Chapter 1, pgs. 3 & 5, Worse Than
War, Goldhagen, 2009
b. The Yasukuni Shrine in Japan lists a total of 2,325,128
military
deaths from 1937–1945.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties#endnote_Japan
c. China government claims over 20 million men, women, and
children
alone, lost their lives in the Sino-Japanese War from 1939-1945. With
nearly 4 million deaths due to Japanese war crimes. (http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties)
d. New Zealand: 12,000
e. Australia: 39,000
f. United States: 100,000
Goldhagen purposely fails to include the millions killed by the
Japanese during WW II. Failing to recognize that President Truman’s
utilization of the atomic bomb at Hiroshima and Nagasaki as a
legitimate course of action to end the brutal and ruthless killing by
the Japanese, not just against American service members, but against
Allied Forces as-well, is irresponsible as a scholar and “professional
intellectual.”
The fact that China lost between 10 and 20 million of her citizens and
Japan lost approximately 2.5 million of her citizens seems to be lost
on the author and many other critics. I also find myself wondering
what specifically those that are or were opposed to the dropping of
the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki are actually opposed to.
Eisenhower was opposed to the timing of the dropping of the bomb,
however, not the use of the atomic bomb as a weapon. The same could
be said for former Secretary of War Stimson; in the New York Times
article dated August 6, 1995 and titled “Hiroshima, 50 Years Later,”
the author claims Stimson viewed the atomic bomb as a legitimate
weapon in the post-World War II-U.S. v. USSR saga. Goldhagen quotes
Truman’s Chief of Staff-Admiral Leahy, “My own feeling was that in
being the first to use it, we had adopted an ethical standard common
to the barbarians of the Dark Ages. I was not taught to make wars in
that fashion, and wars cannot be won by destroying women and
children.” I find it ironic that a Navy admiral, whose career is
based on the employment of the type of weapons that are almost as
indiscriminate in the havoc they wreak as the atomic bomb, would state
that wars could not be won by destroying women and children. Does
Admiral Leahy think a 2000 lb. shell is exacting in whom it kills?
Comment Against: On page two of the Asahi Shimbun article, “65 years
after Hiroshima,” Takahashi states that he wants Obama to visit
Hiroshima to see the effects of the devastation that a nuclear bomb
can cause and that such a gesture would be a step forward toward non-
proliferation. The author of the article states the feeling must be
shared by the 220,000 hibakusha (survivors) across Japan whose average
age is 76. The author, like Goldhagen, fail to mention the number of
lives taken by the Japanese. What would the survivors of Pearl
Harbor, military or civilian, say of what the Japanese did by
attacking the U.S.? And what of the 10-20 million Chinese killed by
the Japanese during World War II. Losers like to portray themselves
as victims in an effort to gain sympathy and ease the agony of
defeat. I can understand where a Japanese survivor would feel like
the victim, but I cannot understand why Goldhagen would portray Japan
as the hapless victim.
II. Psychological Argument: REQUIRES FURTHER ELABORATION
• Freud’s theory that people are inherently bad: Author asks
questions
of how one person in a given situation can commit various atrocities
while another person in a similar situation does not; an argument can
be made that people are inherently bad and as they grow and mature
they channel the negative energies or thoughts into a constructive
nature. This theory is essentially what Freud was talking about with
the ‘Id’. An example would be an adolescent child has subconscious
desires of wanting to be around and touch children in a manner that
society deems inappropriate. As he or she grows and matures those
subconscious thoughts are channeled in a constructive way that the
child grows up and becomes a doctor-specifically a pediatrician. The
Id is balanced by the Ego. Another example more in-line with the
author’s theme of killing; a child’s subconscious craves violence. As
he matures, the subconscious knows that killing for killings sake is
illegal and the feelings are repressed in the subconscious. However
as he comes of age he enters the military as an infantryman. The
sole job of the infantry is to seek out and kill the “enemy.” The
subconscious, guided by the Ego, is seeking satisfaction in a way
deemed appropriate, even honorable, in society. However, what if the
Id, in combination with external influences dominates the psyche of
the person from childhood to adulthood? If a child grows up with
little or no guidance, no sense of right or wrong (which could be
argued is subjective), and in an environment of kill or be killed,
survival of the fittest, and they’re the enemy?
• The author asks a good question towards the end of chapter one,
“What makes people commit these atrocities?” Psychologists the world
over have developed theories of human nature. Renowned psychologist
and scholar, Alfred Adler, best known for his theory on the
‘superiority/ inferiority complexes,’ wrote a book titled, “
Understanding Human Nature.” FURTHER ELABORATION REQUIRED
• These theories do not lend justification as to why people commit
mass murder, genocide, or manslaughter on a grand scale, but they
cannot be discarded or discounted either.
III. Opinion
• Establishment of a new international body? Dissolve the UN and
replace one entity with another:
• Change the name, but the players are the same. What change can
be
expected when the various nations have a competing interest?
• Specifically, what nations would comprise this body? In China,
Amnesty International reports, “500,000 people are currently enduring
punitive detention without charge or trial.” Would the Chinese be
extended a membership invite and would they be subject to, or held to
the binding resolutions declared by this international body/ committee
and/ or allow for international military intervention?
• Iran’s opinion that Israel should be, “wiped off the map,” or “
the
regime in Jerusalem should vanish from the pages of time.” Should
this be considered a threat where immediate military intervention,
sanctions, or binding resolutions are required?
• Hindsight 20/20/ Monday Morning Quarterback Truman’s decision
• TO BE CONTINUED