James Traubs’s book review on Goldhagen’s “Worse Than War” states
that Goldhagen’s theory on Eliminationism is “absolutist moralism”,
and that intense moralism carries risks of its own including
hyperbole. Traub’s review has a strong tone
which one could consider as hyperbole in its condemnation of the
theory of Eliminationism being one of the greatest problems of our
time. This is wrong because it ultimately condemns a raw awareness to
unspeakable atrocities that have been going on in countries for many
years and enlightens the public to the many forms of elminationism,
which helps to enlighten the reader and hopefully morally spur them
into action.
Traub states that we place the Holocaust outside of history and
that Goldhagen embeds the atrocity in the larger reoccurring theme of
genocidal killing. Traub gives the impression that the Holocaust
should be separate and this is wrong as Goldhagen points out while
discussing Hannah Arendt’s work, Adolf Eichmann didn’t do all the
killing himself each person is responsible for their own deeds, which
makes them culpable as well. This broadens the depth and scope of the
ideology. It wasn’t just a few with the Nazi belief it was thousands
of people who helped to carry out all five forms of eliminationsm, and
although the Holocaust was in fact genocide, it is actually part of
the larger phenomenon of eliminationism. Traub would have us believe
as he states that structural accounts lead to structural solutions:
new definitions of the national interest recognize the dangers of
permitting mass violence and that the knowledge leads to policy
changes designed to single out the perpetrators. As we have seen in
the media and by actual survivors of atrocities, i.e. Darfur, it has
not changed the outcome much. The killings continue seemingly
unchecked and hundreds, thousands continue to die. Traub questions
the necessity for analyzing and understanding eliminationism in
political, ideological and moral terms which is wrong and as Goldhagen
points out by understanding the political and ideological terms of a
group we will understand morally the underlying implications of the
groups agenda. Because society has advanced the underlying
implications of a groups agenda may not be plainly seen. For example
a simple drought or famine to a region may be seen as an act of
nature, but by looking at the leaders agenda in a Country we may see
that there is a solution that the leaders are purposely not utilizing
for their own selfish gain, thereby sacrificing hundreds, or possibly
thousands of innocent men, women and children.
I agree with Goldhagen’s view that eliminationism is one of the
biggest problems of
our time because man’s self centered greed and ongoing struggle for
power has always caused groups to commit unconscionable acts against
their perceived enemies. In “The Einstein-Freud Correspondence”,
Freud agreed with Einstein “men have an active instinct for hatred and
destruction, amenable to such stimulations (war fever) and that he was
in the process of studying its manifestations. Freud goes on to say
that man has a destructive instinct and that the stimulation of these
destructive impulses by appeals to idealism and the erotic instinct
naturally facilitate their release. This power struggle has caused
groups to go to any lengths to achieve their goals including using
parts or all of James Traubs’s book review on Goldhagen’s “Worse Than
War” states that Goldhagen’s theory on Eliminationism is “absolutist
moralism”, and that intense moralism carries risks of its own
including hyperbole. Traub’s review has a strong tone
which one could consider as hyperbole in its condemnation of the
theory of Eliminationism being one of the greatest problems of our
time. This is wrong because it ultimately condemns a raw awareness to
unspeakable atrocities that have been going on in countries for many
years and enlightens the public to the many forms of elminationism,
which helps to enlighten the reader and hopefully morally spur them
into action.
Traub states that we place the Holocaust outside of history and
that Goldhagen embeds the atrocity in the larger reoccurring theme of
genocidal killing. Traub gives the impression that the Holocaust
should be separate and this is wrong as Goldhagen points out while
discussing Hannah Arendt’s work, Adolf Eichmann didn’t do all the
killing himself each person is responsible for their own deeds, which
makes them culpable as well. This broadens the depth and scope of the
ideology. It wasn’t just a few with the Nazi belief it was thousands
of people who helped to carry out all five forms of eliminationsm, and
although the Holocaust was in fact genocide, it is actually part of
the larger phenomenon of eliminationism. Traub would have us believe
as he states that structural accounts lead to structural solutions:
new definitions of the national interest recognize the dangers of
permitting mass violence and that the knowledge leads to policy
changes designed to single out the perpetrators. As we have seen in
the media and by actual survivors of atrocities, i.e. Darfur, it has
not changed the outcome much. The killings continue seemingly
unchecked and hundreds, thousands continue to die. Traub questions
the necessity for analyzing and understanding eliminationism in
political, ideological and moral terms which is wrong and as Goldhagen
points out by understanding the political and ideological terms of a
group we will understand morally the underlying implications of the
groups agenda. Because society has advanced the underlying
implications of a groups agenda may not be plainly seen. For example
a simple drought or famine to a region may be seen as an act of
nature, but by looking at the leaders agenda in a Country we may see
that there is a solution that the leaders are purposely not utilizing
for their own selfish gain, thereby sacrificing hundreds, or possibly
thousands of innocent men, women and children.
I agree with Goldhagen’s view that eliminationism is one of the
biggest problems of
our time because man’s self centered greed and ongoing struggle for
power has always caused groups to commit unconscionable acts against
their perceived enemies. In “The Einstein-Freud Correspondence”,
Freud agreed with Einstein “men have an active instinct for hatred and
destruction, amenable to such stimulations (war fever) and that he was
in the process of studying its manifestations. Freud goes on to say
that man has a destructive instinct and that the stimulation of these
destructive impulses by appeals to idealism and the erotic instinct
naturally facilitate their release. This power struggle has caused
groups to go to any lengths to achieve their goals including using
parts or all of the five forms of eliminationism. In John Horgans
“Has Science Found a Way to End All Wars”, De Waal acknowledges that
we (humans) and all primates have a tendency to be hostile toward non
group members, however Biologist Robert Sapolsky a leading challenger
of the urban myth of inevitable aggression, states that environmental
conditioning may be the cause of aggression as he observed males
grooming each other conforming to the changed norm of the group
because a TB outbreak caused the majority of the male population to
die. Thus, as Frans de Waal points out primates and especially humans
are “very calculating” and will abandon aggressive strategies that no
longer serve their interests. I believe this would follow with humans
and as Goldhagen points out humanity as a whole must help in stopping
these atrocities. If the United Nations and all countries would unite
in stopping these leaders and countries that continue to use any form
of eliminationism, I believe the practice would stop. There are many
ways to get these groups to cease their activities. Stop world trade
with them, humanitarian aid efforts, and ongoing mass media attention
to those suffering are just a few solutions. I believe that
Goldhagen has given the reader a great deal to ponder by breaking down
the forms of eliminationism. Again, I didn’t really think of droughts
or famines as a calculated act to starve out a people or group, nor
did I think of expulsion as eliminationism, however, having read his
definition and reviewing history and recent events in other countries,
I now see this as a calculated effort of a few extremists forcing mass
populations to move out of the region or to force encampment of a
people. I believe that the probable favorite at this time would be
repression, Goldhagen gives the readers great examples such as
Apartheid, the American South, and how the ongoing threat of violence
which exists today in many countries against political groups,
workers, ethnic groups, religious groups and more. These are not
elusive threats; these examples are real events occurring in our world
today. I believe that Goldhagen has taken a centuries old problem and
humanized it for the modern man. After reading the initial readings,
I am no longer uninformed and will scrutinize world events closely
looking for a sign of eliminationism.
Freud, S. & Einstein, A. (1931-1932) Why War? The einstein-freud
correspondance
Goldhagen, D. J. (2009) Worse than war New York Public Affairs
New Republic. Retrieved from
http://www.tnr.com/article/world/ending-our-age-suffering
Horgan, J. (2008, March 13). Has science found a way to end all wars?
Discover Magazine. Retrieved from
http://discovermagazine.com/2008/apr/13-science-says-war-is-over-now
Traub, J. (2009, October 15). Patterns of genocide [Review of the
book
Worse than war]. The New York Times. Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/18/books/review/Traub-t.html